Halaal and Haraam

E-Code Halal Status
E100
Name: E100
Ingredient Name: Curcumin, turmeric
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
Turmeric when used as a food additive is used in product systems that are packaged to protect them from sunlight. Turmeric has found application in canned beverages, baked products, dairy products, ice cream, yogurts, yellow cakes, biscuits, popcorn-color, sweets, cake icings, cereals, sauces, gelatines, direct compression tablets, etc. Turmeric, a representative of plant genus Curcuma, is a member of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae hence halal.

Halal
E101
Name: E101
Ingredient Name: Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
Riboflavin formerly called lactoflavin (Vitamin G) is yellow or orange-yellow in colour and in addition to being used as a food Colouring. It is also used to fortify some foods. It can be found in baby foods, breakfast cereals, sauces, processed cheese, fruit drinks and vitamin-enriched milk products as well as being widely used in vitamin supplements. Usually the source is synthetic.

Halal
E101a
Name: E101a
Ingredient Name: Riboflavin-5'-Phosphate
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
It is used as a food dye and is likely to be derived from genetically modified organisms.

Halal
E102
Name: E102
Ingredient Name: Tartrazine
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A synthetic yellow azo dye found in fruit squash, fruit cordial, coloured fizzy drinks, instant puddings, cake mixes, custard powder, soups, sauces, ice cream, sweets, chewing gum, marzipan, jam, jelly, mustard, yoghurt and many convenience foods together with glycerine, lemon and honey products. It can also be found in the shells of medicinal capsules. It appears to cause the most allergic and/or intolerance reactions of all the azo dyes, particularly amongst those with an aspirin intolerance and asthmatics. Not recommended for consumption by children. Its use is banned in Norway and Austria.

Halal
E103
Name: E103
Ingredient Name: Chrysoine Resorcinol
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
It is a colourant which is used as a food additive. In Europe, it was assigned to the E number E103 until it was banned in 1984.

Halal
E104
Name: E104
Ingredient Name: Quinoline Yellow
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
Quinoline Yellow is a yellow/lime green dye. It is halal in its 100% dry form. In liquid form the solvent must be halal.

Halal
E105
Name: E105
Ingredient Name: Fast Yellow AB
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
This E-number of a food dye, is now forbidden in Europe and USA.

Halal
E106
Name: E106
Ingredient Name: Riboflavin-5-Sodium Phosphate
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
It is used in foods as a yellow food dye. It is a sodium salt of riboflavin-5'-phosphate.

Halal
E107
Name: E107
Ingredient Name: Yellow 2G
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
It is a synthetic coal tar and yellow azo dye. It appears to cause allergic or intolerance reactions, particularly amongst those with an aspirin intolerance and asthma sufferers. Currently only the UK in the European Union uses this dye and the EU is proposing a total ban. Its use is banned in Austria, Japan, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States.

Halal
E110
Name: E110
Ingredient Name: Sunset Yellow FCF, Orange Yellow S
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
It is a synthetic coal tar and azo yellow dye useful in fermented foods which must be heat treated. It may be found in orange squash, orange jelly, marzipan, Swiss roll, apricot jam, citrus marmalade, lemon curd, sweets, hot chocolate mix and packet soups, trifle mix, breadcrumbs and cheese sauce mix and soft drinks. It appears to cause allergic or intolerance reactions, particularly amongst those with an aspirin intolerance. It is banned in Norway.

Halal
E111
Name: E111
Ingredient Name: Orange GGN
Category: Colouring
Status: Mushbooh
Description:
It is also known as alpha-naphthol orange. It is currently delisted in Europe and USA, as toxicological data shown it is harmful.

Mushbooh
E120
Name: E120
Ingredient Name: Cochineal, Carminic acid, Carmines
Category: Colouring
Status: Haram
Description:
Colourant, made from crushed insects. This popular colorant is used to impart a deep red shade to fruit juices, gelatins, candies (e. g. red smarties), shampoos. When used as a food additive, the dye must be labelled on packaging labels. Sometimes carmine is labelled as E120. An unknown percentage of people have been found to have allergies to carmine. Natural carmine dye used in food and cosmetics is unacceptable for Muslims because the dye is extracted from insects.

Haram
E121
Name: E121
Ingredient Name: Orcein, Orchil
Category: Colouring
Status: Mushbooh
Description:
Orcein is a reddish-brown dye obtained from orcinol (a crystaline compound derived from the lichen) by the action of aqueous ammonia and air. Orchil is a purple/blue dye. They are banned throughout the EC.

Mushbooh
E122
Name: E122
Ingredient Name: Carmoisine, Azorubine
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
It is found in blancmange, marzipan, Swiss roll, jams and preserves, sweets, brown sauce, flavoured yogurts and packet soups, jellies, breadcrumbs and cheesecake mixes. It appears to cause allergic and/or intolerance reactions. Whilst being a commonly used colour in the UK its use is banned in Japan, Norway, Sweden and the United States.

Halal
E123
Name: E123
Ingredient Name: Amaranth
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A purplish-red (blackcurrant) synthetic coal tar or azo dye found in ice creams, gravy granules, jams, jelly, tinned fruit pie fillings and prawns and packeted cake mixes, soups and trifles. It appears to cause allergic and/or intolerance reactions. It is banned in Norway and the United States with a very restricted use in France and Italy (caviar only).

Halal
E124
Name: E124
Ingredient Name: Ponceau 4R, Cochineal Red A, Brilliant Scarlet 4R
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A red synthetic coal tar or azo dye found in dessert toppings, jelly, salami, seafood dressings, tinned strawberries and fruit pie fillings and packeted cake mixes, cheesecakes, soups and trifles. It appears to cause allergic and/or intolerance reactions particularly amongst those with an aspirin intolerance or asthmatics. It is banned in Norway and the United States.

Halal
E125
Name: E125
Ingredient Name: Scarlet
Category: Colouring
Status: Mushbooh
Description:
A red azo dye used as a food dye. It usually comes as a disodium salt. It is permitted in fruit peels and maraschino cherries.

Mushbooh
E126
Name: E126
Ingredient Name: Ponceau 6R
Category: Colouring
Status: Mushbooh
Description:
Red coloured food dye. Very little is known about this dye.

Mushbooh
E127
Name: E127
Ingredient Name: Erythrosine
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A cherry-pink/red synthetic coal tar dye found in cocktail, glace and tinned cherries, biscuits, chocolate, dressed crab, garlic sausage, luncheon meat, salmon spread and pate, scotch eggs, stuffed olives and packet trifle mix. It is also used to reveal plaque in dental disclosing tablets. It is banned in Norway and the United States.

Halal
E128
Name: E128
Ingredient Name: Red 2G
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A red synthetic coal tar or azo dye found mainly in cooked meat products and sausages but can also be found in jams and drinks. Concerns that it can interfere with blood haemoglobin. Britain is the only European Union country to use Red 2G and it is also banned in Australia, Austria, Canada, Japan, Norway, Sweden and the United States.

Halal
E129
Name: E129
Ingredient Name: Allura Red AC
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A red synthetic azo dye to replace Amaranth, E123, in the United States of America where E123 is prohibited. May have slightly less allergy/intolerance reaction by aspirin intolerant people and asthmatics than most of the azo dyes, although those with skin sensitivities should be careful.

Halal
E130
Name: E130
Ingredient Name: Indanthrene blue RS
Category: Colouring
Status: Mushbooh
Description:
Indanthrene is a blue dye, the compounds and derivatives of which are used as vat dyestuffs.

Mushbooh
E131
Name: E131
Ingredient Name: Patent Blue V
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A dark bluish-violet synthetic coal tar dye. Not widely used but can be found in Scotch eggs and is used diagnostically to colour lymph vessels. Best avoided by people with allergy reactions. Banned in Australia, USA and Norway.

Halal
E132
Name: E132
Ingredient Name: Indigo carmine, Indigotine
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A blue synthetic coal tar dye, commonly added to tablets and capsules; also used in ice cream, sweets, baked goods, confectionery, biscuits. It is also used diagnostically to check for coloured urine in kidney function tests. Banned in Norway and not recommended for consumtion by children.

Halal
E133
Name: E133
Ingredient Name: Brilliant Blue FCF
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A blue synthetic coal tar dye often used in conjunction with E102, Tartrazine, to produce various shades of green. Synthetic usually occurring as aluminum lake (solution) or ammonium salt; Can be found in tinned processed peas, dairy products, sweets and drinks, Not recommended for consumption by children. Banned in Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.

Halal
E140
Name: E140
Ingredient Name: Chlorophylls and Chlorophyllins: (i) Chlorophylls (ii) Chlorophyllins
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
Not easy to obtain in a pure form and commercially available chloroyphyll usually contains other plant material impurities. The usual sources are nettles, spinach and grass. Can be used for dyeing waxes and oils, used in medicines and cosmetics eg in chewing gum, fats and oils, ice cream, soaps, soups, sweets and, obviously, green vegetables.

Halal
E141
Name: E141
Ingredient Name: Copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins (i) Copper complexes of chlorophylls (ii) Copper complexes of chlorophyllins
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
These colours are (i) an olive green oil soluble colour and (ii) water soluble green colour. They are derived from Chlorophyll, E140, by substitution of copper for the magnesium, which increases their stability. Can be found in some types of cheese, chewing gum, ice cream, Parsley sauce, soups and green vegetables and fruits preserved in liquids.

Halal
E142
Name: E142
Ingredient Name: Greens S
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A green synthetic coal tar dye found in desserts, gravy granules, ice cream, mint sauce, sweets, packet breadcrumbs, cake mixes and tinned peas. Currently research is ongoing into acceptable intake levels, however it is known to cause hyperactivity, asthma, uticaria, and insomnia. Not recommended for consumption by children. Banned in Canada, Finland, Japan, Norway, Sweden and the United States.

Halal
E150a
Name: E150a
Ingredient Name: Plain Caramel
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
It is made by controlled heat treatment of sugar beet or sugar cane (with or without the presence of alkalis or acids). The caramel group of colours are the most widely used group of colours, comprising some 98% of all colours used. Between them they can be found in brown bread, buns, chocolate, biscuits, chocolate flavoured flour based confectionery, coatings, decorations, fillings and toppings, crisps, dessert mixes, doughnuts, fish and shellfish spreads, frozen desserts, glucose tablets, gravy browning, ice cream, jams, milk desserts, pancakes, pickles, sauces and dressings, soft drinks particularly cola drinks, stouts, sweets and vinegar.

Halal
E150b
Name: E150b
Ingredient Name: Caustic sulphite caramel
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
It is made by controlled heat treatment of sugar beet or sugar cane (with or without the presence of alkalis or acids). The caramel group of colours are the most widely used group of colours, comprising some 98% of all colours used. Between them they can be found in brown bread, buns, chocolate, biscuits, chocolate flavoured flour based confectionery, coatings, decorations, fillings and toppings, crisps, dessert mixes, doughnuts, fish and shellfish spreads, frozen desserts, glucose tablets, gravy browning, ice cream, jams, milk desserts, pancakes, pickles, sauces and dressings, soft drinks particularly cola drinks, stouts, sweets and vinegar.

Halal
E150c
Name: E150c
Ingredient Name: Ammonia caramel
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
It is made by controlled heat treatment of sugar beet or sugar cane (with or without the presence of alkalis or acids). The caramel group of colours are the most widely used group of colours, comprising some 98% of all colours used. Between them they can be found in brown bread, buns, chocolate, biscuits, chocolate flavoured flour based confectionery, coatings, decorations, fillings and toppings, crisps, dessert mixes, doughnuts, fish and shellfish spreads, frozen desserts, glucose tablets, gravy browning, ice cream, jams, milk desserts, pancakes, pickles, sauces and dressings, soft drinks particularly cola drinks, stouts, sweets and vinegar.

Halal
E150d
Name: E150d
Ingredient Name: Sulphite ammonia caramel
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
It is made by controlled heat treatment of sugar beet or sugar cane (with or without the presence of alkalis or acids). The caramel group of colours are the most widely used group of colours, comprising some 98% of all colours used. Between them they can be found in brown bread, buns, chocolate, biscuits, chocolate flavoured flour based confectionery, coatings, decorations, fillings and toppings, crisps, dessert mixes, doughnuts, fish and shellfish spreads, frozen desserts, glucose tablets, gravy browning, ice cream, jams, milk desserts, pancakes, pickles, sauces and dressings, soft drinks particularly cola drinks, stouts, sweets and vinegar.

Halal
E151
Name: E151
Ingredient Name: Black PN, Brilliant Black BN
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A violet/black synthetic coal tar and azo dye. Used in decorations and coatings, desserts, fish paste, flavoured milk drinks, ice cream, mustard, red fruit jams, sauces, savoury snacks, soft drinks, soups and sweets. Not recommended for consumption by children. Banned in Denmark, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Norway, Switzerland, Sweden, USA and Norway .

Halal
E152
Name: E152
Ingredient Name: Black 7984
Category: Colouring
Status: Mushbooh
Description:
A brown-to-black synthetic diazo dye. It usually comes as a tetrasodium salt. When used as a food dye, it has E number E152. It is also used in cosmetics. Its use is discontinued in USA and EU since 1984. It is currently delisted and not used anymore both in European Union and USA. It is also not permitted in Australia and Japan. It appears to cause allergic or intolerance reactions, particularly amongst those with an aspirin intolerance. It is a histamine liberator, and may worsen the symptoms of asthma. It is one of the colourants that the Hyperactive Children's Support Group recommends be eliminated from the diet of children.

Mushbooh
E153
Name: E153
Ingredient Name: Carbon black, Vegetable carbon
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
Whilst this black Colouring can be obtained from various sources including activated charcoal, bones, meat, blood, various fats, oils and resins or just the incomplete combustion of natural gas, it is normally derived from burnt vegetable matter. This could include Genetically Modified crops. Can be found in concentrated fruit juices, jams, jellies and liquorice. It is banned as a food additive in the United States of America.

Halal
E154
Name: E154
Ingredient Name: Brown FK, Kipper Brown
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A highly suspect brown mixture of six synthetic azo dyes together with other Colourings and sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate. Found mainly in kippers and smoked mackerel but also occasionally in cooked hams and crisps. Not recommended for consumption by children. Banned throughout the EU (except in the UK where its use is still permmitted!) Also prohibited in Australia, Austria, Canada, Finland, Ireland, Japan, Norway, Sweden and the United States.

Halal
E155
Name: E155
Ingredient Name: Brown HT, Chocolate brown HT
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A brown synthetic �oal tar' and azo dye found mainly in chocolate flavour cakes. It appears to cause allergic and/or intolerance reactions, particularly amongst those with an aspirin intolerance and asthma sufferers, also known to induce skin sensitivity. Not recommended for consumption by children. Its use is banned in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States.

Halal
E160a
Name: E160a
Ingredient Name: Alpha-carotene, Beta-carotene, Gamma-carotene
Category: Colouring
Status: Depends
Description:
Orange or yellow plant pigments, found mainly in carrots, green leafed vegetables and tomatoes, which the human body converts into �itamin A' in the liver. Can be commercially manufactured in the laboratory but beta-carotene, with some alpha-carotene and gamma-carotene present, is normally extracted from carrots and other yellow or orange fruits and vegetables with hexane. Used in butter and soft margarines, coffee sponge cakes, milk products and soft drinks. Please be aware that some manufacturers use gelatine as a stabiliser. With the move away from porcine and bovine gelatine this is likely to be fish gelatine.

Depends
E160b
Name: E160b
Ingredient Name: Annatto, bixin, norbixin
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A yellow, peach or red vegetable dye obtained from the seed coat of the fruit of the Annatto tree, Bixa orellana. May be either oil-soluble or water soluble and is stable in processing, baking and brine. Used, sometimes in combination with E100, in cheese (Cheshire, Double Gloucester and Red Leicester), coleslaw, crisps, custard, fish fingers, flavoured instant mashed potato, fruit and cream fillings and toppings, frying oil, ice cream and lollies, icings, liqueurs, low calorie spreads, margarine, salad cream and mayonnaise, smoked fish, soft drinks, sponge cakes and puddings and yoghurt. Also used as a body paint, digestive aid and expectorant. Also used in soap, fabric dye and varnishes.

Halal
E160c
Name: E160c
Ingredient Name: Capsanthin, capsorubin, Paprika extract
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
An orange to red colour extracted from the fruit pod and seeds of the red pepper, Capsicum annuum. Normally obtained by solvent extraction from the Hungarian variety with Spain being a major producer. Used widely in poultry feed to deepen the colour of egg yolks. It can also be found in cheese slices. Expect to see more use in meat products with the swing away from synthetic colours towards the natural ones. Not permitted in Australia.

Halal
E160d
Name: E160d
Ingredient Name: Lycopene
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A red colour extracted from tomatoes and pink grapefruit, which does not appear to be in use currently. Be aware that if it does become widely available it may be produced from Genetically Modified tomatoes. There has been much made recently of Lycopene being very useful for its' anti-cancer properties but it is not apparent whether the quantities that would be used as an additive would be beneficial -the recommendation being to eat a tomato a day! (GM tomatoes have not yet been approved for general sale as tomatoes -only purees and pastes). Not permitted in Australia.

Halal
E160e
Name: E160e
Ingredient Name: Beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30)
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
An orange to red colour, normally synthetic when used as a food colour, although it occurs naturally in oranges and tangerines. Can be found in cheese slices.

Halal
E160f
Name: E160f
Ingredient Name: Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid (C 30)
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural colour, present in many plants. It is made commercially from E160e or isolated from plants. It is a dark red food colour, slightly soluble in water. Found in many different products. Daily intake is upto 5 mg/kg body weight.

Halal
E161a
Name: E161a
Ingredient Name: Flavoxanthin
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural colour, present in many plants. Commercially prepared from buttercup (Ranunculus sp.). Yellow food colour. Slightly soluble in water. Rarely used. If used only in confectionary. Daily intake is upto 5 mg/kg body weight.

Halal
E161b
Name: E161b
Ingredient Name: Lutein
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
The E161 group are Xanthophylls, (from the Greek, Xanthos -yellow). They are yellow pigments, related to carotene. Extracted using the solvent hexane they normally contain other source plant material. Lutein is found in egg yolks, fat cells and green leaves. Can be obtained from the same sources and at the same time as Chlorophyll. Used in poultry feed to enhance the colour of egg yolks.

Halal
E161c
Name: E161c
Ingredient Name: Cryptoaxanthin
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural colour, present in many plants. Commercially prepared from Physalis species. Yellow food colour. Slightly soluble in water. Rarely used. If used only in confectionary.

Halal
E161d
Name: E161d
Ingredient Name: Rubixanthin
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural colour, present in many plants. Commercially prepared from Rosa (rose) species. Yellow food colour. Slightly soluble in water. Rarely used.

Halal
E161e
Name: E161e
Ingredient Name: Violaxanthin
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural colour, present in many plants. Commercially prepared from Viola species. Yellow food colour. Slightly soluble in water. Rarely used.

Halal
E161f
Name: E161f
Ingredient Name: Rhodoxanthin
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural colour, present in many plants and birds. Commercially prepared from different plant species. Yellow food colour. Slightly soluble in water. Rarely used.

Halal
E161g
Name: E161g
Ingredient Name: Canthaxanthin
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
E161g is more orange than yellow, and are related to carotene. Extracted using the solvent hexane they normally contain other source plant material. Canthaxanthin is also available in some mushrooms, crustaceans and fish, but it is normally obtained commercially from beta-carotene ( thus depends on the source of beta-carotene). As well as being used in such products as chicken in breadcrumbs, fish fingers, mallow biscuits, pickles and preserves, sauces and sweets it is also fed to farmed salmon and trout to enhance the colour of the flesh. Fed to laying hens to make to colour egg yolks.

Halal
E162
Name: E162
Ingredient Name: Beetroot Red, Betanin
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A deep red/purple natural extract from beetroot. It can impart an earthy taste to the food. Can be found in desserts, ice cream, jams, jellies, liquorice, oxtail soup, sauces and sweets.

Halal
E163
Name: E163
Ingredient Name: Anthocyanins
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural water soluble plant pigments, present in the cell sap, which imparts the red or blue colours in flowers, fruits and vegetables. Commercially available anthocyanins are normally extracted from grape skins or red cabbage. Can be found in black cherry yoghurt, dairy products, glace cherries, ice cream, jellies, pickles, soft drinks, tomato, carrot or vegetable soups and sweets.

Halal
E170
Name: E170
Ingredient Name: Calcium carbonate
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
Extensively naturally occurring as chalk, limestone, marble, dolomite, eggshells (consist of 94% calcium carbonate), pearls, coral, stalactites, stalagmites, and the shells of many marine animals. Can be found in biscuits, bread, cakes, ice cream, sweets, vitamin and other tablets and to firm canned fruit and vegetables. Also used in toothpastes, white paint and cleaning powders.

Halal
E171
Name: E171
Ingredient Name: Titanium dioxide
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
White in colour, Titanium dioxide is extracted from the naturally occurring mineral Ilmenite. Can be found in tablets and capsules, cottage and Mozzarella cheeses, horseradish cream and sauces, lemon curd, toothpaste, and white paint, also in sweets where it is often used to provide a barrier between different colours. Used to increase opacity in some sauces. Banned in Germany.

Halal
E172
Name: E172
Ingredient Name: Iron oxides and hydroxides
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
Naturally occurring pigments of iron, which can be yellow, red, orange, brown or black in colour. Manufactured by treating a solution of ferrous sulphate or chloride with an alkali and oxidising the precipitate in hot air. Can be found in cake and dessert mixes, meat paste, salmon and shrimp paste. Toxic at �igh doses', banned in Germany.

Halal
E173
Name: E173
Ingredient Name: Aluminium
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
As a food additive it is used solely for external decoration where it can be found in the covering of dragees and the decoration of sugar-coated flour confectionery, in cake decorations and to give a silvery finish to pills and tablets. Not permitted in Australia.

Halal
E174
Name: E174
Ingredient Name: Silver
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
As a food additive it is used solely for external decoration where it can be found on chocolate confectionery, in the covering of dragees and the decoration of sugar-coated flour confectionery. Not permitted in Australia.

Halal
E175
Name: E175
Ingredient Name: Gold
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
As a food additive it is used solely for external decoration where it can be found on chocolate confectionery, in the covering of dragees and the decoration of sugar-coated flour confectionery. Not permitted in Australia.

Halal
E180
Name: E180
Ingredient Name: Pigment Rubine, Lithol Rubine BK
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
A synthetic azo dye, reddish in colour used solely for Colouring the rind of hard cheeses. People who suffer from asthma, rhinitis or the skin disease urticaria may find their symptoms become worse following consumption of azo dyes. Banned in Australia.

Halal








E200
Name: E200
Ingredient Name: Sorbic acid
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Occurring naturally in some fruits Sorbic acid can be commercially manufactured synthetically from the toxic, irritant, colourless gas ketene. In addition to its use in these areas it can also be found in candied peel, cider, dessert sauces, fillings and toppings, fermented milks, frozen pizzas, fruit salads, gelatin capsules, soft drinks, soup concentrates, sweets, yoghurt, medicines and cosmetics. Not approved for use in Australia.

Halal
E201
Name: E201
Ingredient Name: Sodium sorbate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Preservative, manufactured by neutralisation of Sorbic acid. It can be found in candied peel, cheese, cider, dessert sauces, dried apricots, fillings and toppings, fermented milks, frozen pizzas, fruit salads, gelatin capsules, margarine, processed cheese spreads and slices, soft drinks, soup concentrates, sweets and yoghurt.

Halal
E202
Name: E202
Ingredient Name: Potassium sorbate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
An antifungal and antibacterial -Preservative, manufactured by neutralisation of Sorbic Acid. It can be found in candied peel, cheese, cider, concentrated fruit juice, dessert sauces, dried apricots, fillings and toppings, fermented milks, frozen pizzas, fruit salads, gelatin capsules, glace cherries, jams and preserves, margarine, pickled cucumber, processed cheese spreads and slices, salad dressing, seafood dressings, soft drinks, soup concentrates, sweets, table olives, tinned fruit pie fillings and yoghurt.

Halal
E203
Name: E203
Ingredient Name: Calcium sorbate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
An antifungal and antibacterial -Preservative, manufactured by neutralisation of Sorbic Acid, (E200). It can be found in candied peel, cheese, cider, concentrated fruit juice, dessert sauces, dried apricots, fillings and toppings, fermented milks, frozen pizzas, fruit salads, gelatin capsules, margarine, processed cheese spreads and slices, soft drinks, soup concentrates, sweets and yoghurt.

Halal
E210
Name: E210
Ingredient Name: Benzoic acid
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Whilst occuring naturally in many edible berries, fruits and vegetables it is available commercially by chemical synthesis from Benzoin, a resin exuded by trees native to Asia. Can be found in coffee essence, dessert sauces, soft drinks, flavouring syrups, fruit juice, pulp and puree, jam, margarine, marinated herring and mackerel, pickles, salad cream and dressings, fruit yoghurt, baked goods, cheeses, gum, condiments, frozen dairy, relishes, soft sweets, cordials and sugar substitutes. Also used in cosmetics, as an antiseptic in many cough medications and an antifungal in ointments.

Halal
E211
Name: E211
Ingredient Name: Sodium benzoate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
The sodium salt of benzoic acid (E210). Used as a Preservative, both antibacterial and antifungal. Found in barbecue sauce, caviar, cheesecake mix, fruit pies, margarine, pickled cucumbers, pineapple juice, prawns, preserves, salad dressing, soya sauce, sweets and table olives. Also in milk and meat products, relishes and condiments, baked goods lollipops and soft drinks (orange soft drinks may contain high quantities, up to 25mg per 250ml). Can be found in many oral medications aswell. Also see E210

Halal
E212
Name: E212
Ingredient Name: Potassium benzoate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
The potassium salt of benzoic acid (E210). Used as a Preservative, both antibacterial and antifungal. Can be found in margarine, pickled cucumbers, pineapple juice and table olives. Also see E210

Halal
E213
Name: E213
Ingredient Name: Calcium benzoate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
The calcium salt of benzoic acid E210. Used as a Preservative, both antibacterial and antifungal. It can be found in concentrated pineapple juice. Also see E210

Halal
E214
Name: E214
Ingredient Name: Ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Benzoic acid and benzoates are used as preservatives against both yeasts and fungi. They are not very effective against bacteria. Activity does not depend on acidity. Benzoic acid esters are poorly soluble, which limits application. This Preservative comes with adverse health effects hence not recommended for consumption by children. It's not permitted for use in France and Australia. Also see E210

Halal
E215
Name: E215
Ingredient Name: Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Benzoic acid and benzoates are used as preservatives against both yeasts and fungi. They are not very effective against bacteria. Activity does not depend on acidity. Benzoic acid esters are poorly soluble, which limits application. Benzoic acid esters are used in a wide range of food products and cosmetics. Also see E210

Halal
E216
Name: E216
Ingredient Name: Propyl para-hydroxybenzoate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Benzoic acid and benzoates are used as preservatives against both yeasts and fungi. They are not very effective against bacteria. Activity does not depend on acidity. Benzoic acid esters are poorly soluble, which limits application. Benzoic acid esters are used in a wide range of food products and cosmetics. This Preservative comes with adverse health effects (possible contact allergen) hence not recommended for consumption by children. It's not permitted for use in France and Australia. Also see E210

Halal
E217
Name: E217
Ingredient Name: Sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Benzoic acid and benzoates are used as preservatives against both yeasts and fungi. They are not very effective against bacteria. Activity does not depend on acidity. Benzoic acid esters are poorly soluble, which limits application. Benzoic acid esters are used in a wide range of food products and cosmetics. This Preservative comes with adverse health effects hence not recommended for consumption by children. It's not permitted for use in France and Australia. Also see E210

Halal
E218
Name: E218
Ingredient Name: Methyl para-hydroxybenzoate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Benzoic acid and benzoates are used as preservatives against both yeasts and fungi. They are not very effective against bacteria. Activity does not depend on acidity. Benzoic acid esters are poorly soluble, which limits application. Benzoic acid esters are used in a wide range of food products and cosmetics. This Preservative comes with adverse health effects hencenot recommended for consumption by children. Can cause allergic reactions, particularly to the skin. It's not permitted for use in France and Australia. Also see E210

Halal
E219
Name: E219
Ingredient Name: Sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Benzoic acid and benzoates are used as preservatives against both yeasts and fungi. They are not very effective against bacteria. Activity does not depend on acidity. Benzoic acid esters are poorly soluble, which limits application. Benzoic acid esters are used in a wide range of food products and cosmetics. This Preservative comes with adverse health effects (possible contact allergen) hence not recommended for consumption by children. It's not permitted for use in France and Australia. Also see E210

Halal
E220
Name: E220
Ingredient Name: Sulphur dioxide
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
A Preservative derived from coal tar. Sulphur additives are toxic and in the United States of America, the Federal Drugs Administration have prohibited their use on raw fruit and vegetables. Sulphur dioxide is produced by the combustion of sulphur or gypsum. Typically found in beers, soft drinks, dried fruit, juices, cordials, wine, vinegar, and potato products. E220 is known to provoke asthma attacks and is difficult to metabolise for those with impaired kidney function. It also destroys vitamins B1 and E hence not recommended for consumption by children.

Halal
E221
Name: E221
Ingredient Name: Sodium sulphite
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Sodium salt of sulphurous acid. It is a white, non-stable powder, which reacts with oxygen to form sodium sulphate. In acidic conditions it forms sulphurous acid, a preservative. It is used as a preservative as well as oxidising and bleaching agent to prevent spoilage and discoloration. In meat it prevents browning; however, it is not allowed in meat products, as it may mask bacterial spoilage characterized by discoloration. It is also used as a bread enhancer, by dint of its action in improving the kneading capacity of the bread. It is found in Egg-yolk and products with egg-yolk, salads, beer, bread, caramel. As a decontaminating agent in fresh orange juice, and during sugar refining.

Halal
E222
Name: E222
Ingredient Name: Sodium hydrogen sulphite
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Mono-sodium salt of sulphurous acid. It is a white, non-stable powder, which reacts with oxygen to form sodium sulphate. In acidic conditions it forms sulphurous acid, which acts as a preservative. It is used as a preservative in some products and may be used as a bleaching agent. Found in Preserved onions, alcoholic beverages, dairy products, fruit juices, mashed potatoes, etc. As a decontaminating agent in fresh orange juice, and during sugar refining.

Halal
E223
Name: E223
Ingredient Name: Sodium metabisulphite
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Sodium salt of sulphurous acid. Preservative which comes with adverse health effects. It may cause allergic reactions, particularly skin irritation, gastric irritation and asthma thus not recommended for consumption by children

Halal
E224
Name: E224
Ingredient Name: Potassium metabisulphite
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Potassium salt of sulphurous acid. Preservative which comes with adverse health effects. It can cause asthma, cyanosis, faintness and even unconsciousness hence not recommended to be consumed by children.

Halal
E225
Name: E225
Ingredient Name: Sodium sulphite
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Potassium salt of sulphurous acid. It is a white non-stable powder, which reacts with oxygen to potassium sulphate. In acidic conditions it forms sulphurous acid, which acts as a preservative. It is used as a preservative and may be used as a bleaching agent in sugar production. It is used for the production of sulphite-caramel. Used in beer. Preservative which may cause asthma. A gastric irritant. Destroys vitamins B and E. Due to its possible adverse effects its not recommended for consumption by children. Not permitted in Australia.

Halal
E226
Name: E226
Ingredient Name: Calcium sulphite
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Calcium salt of sulphurous acid. It is a white, non-stable powder, which reacts with oxygen to form calcium sulphate. In acidic conditions it forms sulphurous acid, which acts as a preservative. It is used as a preservative and may be used as a bleaching agent in sugar production. It increases the firmness of canned vegetables (due to the calcium). Found in Cider, sugar, fruit juices, etc. It may cause asthma. A gastric irritant. Destroys vitamins B and E. Due to its possible adverse effects its not recommended for consumption by children. Not permitted in Australia.

Halal
E227
Name: E227
Ingredient Name: Calcium hydrogen sulphite
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Calcium salt of sulphurous acid. It is a greenish fluid, which reacts to form calcium sulphite. In acidic conditions it forms sulphurous acid, which acts as a preservative. It is used as a preservative in beer production. It increases the firmness of canned vegetables (due to the calcium). A Preservative which may cause allergic reaction hence not recommended for consumption by children. This preservative is not permitted in australia.

Halal
E228
Name: E228
Ingredient Name: Potassium hydrogen sulphite
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Potassium salt of sulphurous acid. It is a white, non-stable powder, which reacts with oxygen to form potassium sulphate. In acidic conditions it forms sulphurous acid, which acts as a preservative. Found in Acid preserved fruits, wine, etc.

Halal
E230
Name: E230
Ingredient Name: Biphenyl, diphenyl
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Preservative. Used for agricultural purposes (an aromatic fungicide), it is a skin and eye irritant. Typically found impregnated into citrus fruit wrappers to prevent post harvest diseases. Biphenyl is a constituent of the wood preservative creosote. Not recommended for consumption by children due to its possible adverse effects.

Halal
E231
Name: E231
Ingredient Name: Orthophenyl phenol
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Anti fungal agent used for agricultural purposes. Products such as pears, carrots, peaches, plums, prunes, sweet potatoes, citrus fruits, pineapple, tomatoes, peppers, cherries, and nectarines are typically treated post harvest. This preservative remains on the skins of fruits when they arrive at the retailer. Not recommended for consumption by children by health authorities. Not permitted in Australia.

Halal
E232
Name: E232
Ingredient Name: Sodium orthophenyl phenol
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Sodium salt of phenylphenol, synthesised from phenyl ether. White powder used especially against Penicillium fungi growing on citrus fruits, apples and pears. It is very soluble in water, and used for spraying or dipping fruits. It slowly penetrates the skin and may be present in the fruit itself. Found Citrus fruits, apples, pears.

Halal
E233
Name: E233
Ingredient Name: Thiabendazole
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Synthetic fungicide . A widely used fungicide, particularly on fruits. It is mainly sprayed on fruits; it could also be a component of an aqueous solution, in which fruits are submerged. It may only be used on the outer surface of fruits.

Halal
E234
Name: E234
Ingredient Name: Nisin
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Nisin is a natural antimicrobial agent, derived from controlled fermentation of the naturally occurring bacteria Streptococcus lactis, found in milk. It is used as a preservative in heat processed and low pH foods. Nisin cannot be artificially synthesised, so Streptococcus lactis is 'farmed' to synthesise the nisin. Found in beer, processed cheese products and tomato paste. Basically an organic product with no known adverse health effects.

Halal
E235
Name: E235
Ingredient Name: Natamycin, Pimaracin
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Natamycin (Pimaricin) is an antimyotic food additive used to protect cheese from mould and yeast growth. The use of natamycin on cheese allows manufacturers to produce cheese that is acceptable to the aesthetic demands of consumers by eliminating the growth of mould and yeasts that occur during aging and storage. Other benefits include reducing the risk of mycotoxin growth and a longer shelf life. It is also sometimes used medically to treat candidiasis. Typically found in the rinds of cheeses, and some meat products

Halal
E236
Name: E236
Ingredient Name: Formic acid
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Formic acid is naturally present in ants, but also in many fruits (such as apples, strawberries and raspberries), honey and nettles. Commercially produced from sulphuric acid, sodium hydroxide and carbon monoxide . Used as a preservative against many micro-organisms. Due to its smell, use is very limited. Found in products like beverages, sweets, bakery products, icecream. Acceptable daily intake is upto 3 mg/kg bodyweight.

Halal
E237
Name: E237
Ingredient Name: Sodium formiate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Commercially synthesised from sodium hydroxide and carbon monoxide. Present naturally as formic acid Used as a preservative against microorganisms. Fruit juices, non-alcoholic drinks, preserved vegetables, etc. Acceptable Daily Intake is upto 3 mg/kg body weight.

Halal
E238
Name: E238
Ingredient Name: Calcium formiate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Commercially synthesised from calcium hydroxide and carbon monoxide. Present in nature as formic acid . Used as a preservative against microorganisms. Found in Fruit juices, non-alcoholic drinks, preserved vegetables, etc. Acceptable Daily Intake is upto 3 mg/kg body weight. High concentrations of this salt may be diuretic.

Halal
E239
Name: E239
Ingredient Name: Hexamethylene tetramine, Hexamine
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Hexamethylenetetramine is obtained by reacting Ammonia with Formaldehyde. Amongst many others, this substance is utilised as a cross-linking agent for resins, rubber-to-textile adhesive, protein modifier, organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, an ingredient for explosives, fuel tablets, rubber accelerator, fungicide, corrosion inhibitor, shrink proofing textiles and as an anti-bacterial agent. Not recommended for consumption by children by health authorities.

Halal
E240
Name: E240
Ingredient Name: Formaldehyde
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Formaldehyde is formed naturally by smoking or heating protein-rich foods. Commercially synthesised from methanol. Formaldehyde is a gas used as a preservative against bacteria. It is not used in foods, but used to disinfect containers, pipes and vessels in the food industry. It is widely used in cosmetics. Acceptable Daily Intake is upto 0. 15 mg/kg body weight. As gas it has very strong side effects (not in foods).

Halal
E242
Name: E242
Ingredient Name: Dimethyl dicarbonate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Chemically synthesised. It is used as a preservative (cold-sterilisation) in soft drinks. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined. DMDC decomposes when dissolved in the product.

Halal
E249
Name: E249
Ingredient Name: Potassium nitrite
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
A colour fixing and curing agent for meat. Nitrites can effect the body's ability to carry oxygen, resulting in shortness of breath, dizziness and headaches, nausea and vomiting. It is a potential carcinogen, and is prohibited in foods for infants and young children. Certain safety precautions are required when handling this substance. Harmful if swallowed. Strong oxidizer. Contact with other materials may cause fire. Keep from contact with clothing and other combustible materials. Do not store near combustible materials. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, clothing. Keep in a tightly d container. Wash thoroughly after handling. In case of fire, soak with water. In case of spill, sweep up and remove.

Halal
E250
Name: E250
Ingredient Name: Sodium nitrite
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
This preservative may provoke hyperactivity and other adverse reactions, potentially carcinogenic. Restricted in many countries, it is known to combine with other chemicals in the stomach to form nitrosamine, a substance that has been shown to cause cancers in laboratory animals. Hence its not recommended for consumption by children.

Halal
E251
Name: E251
Ingredient Name: Sodium nitrate, saltpetre
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Used as a preservative in processed meat products such as sausages, bacon and ham, as well as artificially smoked fish. Nitrates are also used as fertilisers, and leach into watercourses, then subsequently into our drinking water. Not recommended for consumption by children due to its possible adverse effects by most health authorities.

Halal
E252
Name: E252
Ingredient Name: Potassium nitrate (Saltpetre)
Category: Preservative
Status: Depends
Description:
May be derived from waste animal or vegetable matter. Only the producer can give details of its origin. Used in the preservation of meat products, such as, cured meats, bacon, ham, tongue, sausages, smoked frankfurters, pressed and tinned meats such as corned beef and some Dutch cheeses. Potassium nitrate is probably better known for its use in gun powder and fireworks or as a fertiliser for intensive crops such as tomatoes and potatoes. As a food preservative it is one of the most effective (and oldest) ways of preserving meat, in particular inhibiting the growth of the bacterium responsible for botulism.

Depends
E260
Name: E260
Ingredient Name: Acetic acid
Category: Preservative�cidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
In one of its most common forms, vinegar has been used as a preservative since ancient times. In foods it is used for its antibacterial properties, as an acidity stabiliser, diluting Colourings, as a flavouring agent and for inhibiting mould growth in bread. In brewing it is used to reduce excess losses of carbohydrate from the germinated barley and to compensate for production variations, so producing a consistent quality beer. It can be found in beer, bread, cheese, chutney, horseradish cream, pickles, salad cream, brown sauce, fruit sauce, mint sauce and jelly and tinned baby food, sardines and tomatoes.

Halal
E261
Name: E261
Ingredient Name: Potassium acetate
Category: Preservative, acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Typically found in such products as sauces and pickles. Also used as a fabric conditioning agent, and in the manufacture of penicillin. Should be avoided by people with impaired kidney function as it is known to be a diuretic

Halal
E262
Name: E262
Ingredient Name: Sodium acetates (i) Sodium acetate (ii) Sodium hydrogen acetate (sodium diacetate)
Category: Preservative�cidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Sodium salt of acetic acid, an natural acid, present in most fruits. Produced by bacterial fermentation and thus present in all fermented products. Commercially produced by bacterial fermentation of sugar, molasses or alcohol or by chemical synthesis from acetealdehyde. Acetates are used as preservatives and buffers and found in many different products Daily intake is upto 15 mg/kg body weight. Acetic acid and acetates may be produced from alcohol, but it does not contain any alcohol.

Halal
E263
Name: E263
Ingredient Name: Calcium acetate
Category: Preservative�cidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
An acidity regulator. A by product in the manufacture of wood alcohol. Used to make acetic acid (vinegar), to control the acidity of food during processing, as a thickening agent in cake mixes, packet desserts and puddings, a calcium supplement in pet foods, and as a preservative against microbial growth

Halal
E264
Name: E264
Ingredient Name: Ammonium acetate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Can cause nausea and vomiting. Used in products that also contain acetates.

Halal
E270
Name: E270
Ingredient Name: Lactic acid
Category: Preservative, acid, antioxidant
Status: Depends
Description:
As a food additive it increases the antioxidant properties of other substances and can be used to add a bitter taste. All fermented foods are very rich in lactic acid. Commercially produced by bacterial fermentation on starch and molasses. Also produced in large amounts in the large intestine by the resident bacteria. It is the commonest acidic constituent of fermented milk products such as sour milk, cheese, and buttermilk. Also used in carbonated drinks, jams, jellies, soft margarine, marmalade, infant milks and cereals, pickled red cabbage, salad dressings, sweets, tartare sauce and many tinned products, such as babyfoods, mackerel, pears, sardines, strawberries and tomatoes. Muslims should be aware that as it is a naturally occurring animal product, it could conceivably be of animal origin.

Depends
E280
Name: E280
Ingredient Name: Propionic acid
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
An acidity regulator. All propionates are thought to be linked with migraine headaches. Propionates occur naturally in fermented foods. It is derived commercially from ethylene and carbon monoxide or propionaldehyde, natural gas or fermented wood pulp. It is produced when bacteria decompose fibre. Commonly used in bread and flour products.

Halal
E281
Name: E281
Ingredient Name: Sodium propionate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Sodium salt of propionic acid, a natural acid present in small quantities in many foods, sometimes in high concentrations produced by bacteria in fermented foods, such as types of Swiss cheese. It is also produced on a large scale by the bacteria in the large intestine. Propionic acid and propionates are used as preservatives, mainly against fungi. Found in bakery products with chocolate.

Halal
E282
Name: E282
Ingredient Name: Calcium propionate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Typical products are flour products, where it is used as a mould inhibitor, and a means of reducing the yeast content of bread. May be linked to migraines.

Halal
E283
Name: E283
Ingredient Name: Potassium propionate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Typical products are flour products, where it is used as a mould inhibitor, and a means of reducing the yeast content of bread. May be linked to migraines.

Halal
E284
Name: E284
Ingredient Name: Boric acid
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
An acidity regulator. Boric acid is best known for being an antiseptic, it is also used in creams and ointments, insecticides, leather finishing, paints, soaps, wood preserving, and in ceramics and glass manufacturing. Boric acid is industrially synthesised by treating borax with strong acid. Ingestion is harmful and may be fatal. Harmful by inhalation. An irritant. May cause congenital malformation in the foetus.

Halal
E285
Name: E285
Ingredient Name: Sodium tetraborate (borax)
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
An acidity regulator. Borax has many industrial uses including as an added ingredient in washing powder, water softeners and soaps. Borax is also mixed with clay and other substances to produce porcelain enamels used in pottery, and other ceramics. It is also used in the glass industry, the textile industry, in tanning leather, and in the manufacture of paper. It is used on, not in foods as an inorganic herbicide, or insectide.

Halal
E290
Name: E290
Ingredient Name: Carbon dioxide
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
A gas present in air, produced in combustion, fermentation and animal metabolism. Carbon dioxide is produced when any form of carbon or almost any carbon compound is burned in an excess of oxygen. In animal respiration carbon dioxide combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells, is carried to the lungs and is breathed out. Green vegetation uses chlorophyll to combine carbon dioxide with hydrogen to form carbohydrates (photosynthesis). Typical products include fizzy drinks, carton fruit juice, wine.

Halal
E296
Name: E296
Ingredient Name: Malic acid Acid
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Found naturally in many fruits and vegetables, especially apples. Commercially it is produced by synthesis. Irritant. Typical products include tinned fruit, vegetables and pulses, jams, jelly, frozen vegetables and fruit squash.

Halal
E297
Name: E297
Ingredient Name: Fumaric acid
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Added to foods as an acidity regulator and flavouring agent, may be used as a substitute for cream of tartar. It is used as a mordant in dyeing and in the manufacture of synthetic resins and polyhydric alcohols. Typical products include bread, fruit drinks, pie fillings, poultry, wine, jams, jelly.

Halal
E300
Name: E300
Ingredient Name: Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
Vitamin C, essential for growth, healthy teeth, gums, bones, skin and blood vessels and aiding the absorption of iron, is found naturally in many fresh fruits and vegetables. Found in butter, frozen egg products, powdered and concentrated milk, frozen croquette potatoes, tinned baby foods and wine. It can also be added to products that may lose their vitamin C in processing -such as dried potatoes. E300 Ascorbic acid flour treating agent, "vitamin C"; may be made synthetically from glucose, naturally occurs in fruit and vegetables; added to products as diverse as cured meat, breakfast cereals and frozen fish.

Halal
E301
Name: E301
Ingredient Name: Sodium ascorbate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
E301, prepared synthetically, is the sodium salt of ascorbic acid (E300) and, like E300, it is used as an antioxidant, a colour preservative and as a vitamin supplement. It can be found in pork pies, quick-frozen fish and lobster, sausages, scotch eggs, smoked frankfurters, tinned meats and both tinned and cereal based baby foods.

Halal
E302
Name: E302
Ingredient Name: Calcium ascorbate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
E302 is prepared synthetically and, like E300, it is used as an antioxidant, a colour preservative and as a vitamin supplement. It can be found in bouillons, consommes and scotch eggs. Some fear that it may increase the formation of calcium oxalate stones in the urine and should therefor be avoided by those with a predisposition to kidney stones.

Halal
E303
Name: E303
Ingredient Name: Potassium ascorbate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
See E301

Halal
E304
Name: E304
Ingredient Name: Fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid (i) Ascorbyl palmitate (ii) Ascorbyl stearate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Depends
Description:
E304, ascorbic acid ester comprising ascorbic acid and palmitic acid, is prepared synthetically and, like E300, it is used as an antioxidant, a colour preservative and as a vitamin supplement but with the added advantage of being fat-soluble at high temperatures. It can be found in baby formula, chicken stock cubes, pork pies, sausages, scotch eggs and tinned baby food. There is the possibility that the palmitic acid used is obtained from animal fat, although the main source is vegetable fat. Use of animal (incl. pork) fat cannot be ruled out completely. Only the producer can provide with details of its origin.

Depends
E306
Name: E306
Ingredient Name: Tocopherol-rich extract (natural)
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
E306 is an antioxidant for polyunsaturated fatty acids in tissue fats and is used in meat pies, desert toppings and vegetable oils as well as a vitamin supplement. Has a greater antioxidant effect than gamma-tocopherol E308. It protects other nutrients, such as Vitamin A, from oxidation but is largely destroyed by freezing. Commercially it can be extracted, by distillation in a vacuum, from cottonseed, maize, rice germ, soya been oil, wheat germ, or green leaves and may, therefore, come from Genetically Modified sources. Unlike other vitamins, the form of alpha-tocopherol made in the laboratory and found in supplements is not identical to the natural form, and is not quite as active as the natural form.

Halal
E307
Name: E307
Ingredient Name: Alpha-tocopherol (synthetic)
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
E307 is an antioxidant and is used in pork pies and sausages as well as a vitamin supplement. Has a greater antioxidant effect than gamma-tocopherol (E308) in animals but not in cells or non-biological matter. It also protects other nutrients, such as Vitamin A, from oxidation but is largely destroyed by freezing. Commercially it can be produced from cottonseed, maize, rice germ, soya been oil, wheat germ, or green leaves and may, therefore, come from Genetically Modified sources. Because of its antioxidant synergy with Ascorbyl palmitate it is likely to be found in combination with E304.

Halal
E308
Name: E308
Ingredient Name: Gamma-tocopherol (synthetic)
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
Found in most foods, it is abundant in, amongst other things, whole grain cereals, corn and cottonseed oils, egg yolks, meat and milk. (See also E306, E307 and E309). E308 is an antioxidant for polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as a vitamin. Less effective than alpha-tocopherol (E306 and E307) in animals but not in non-biological matter. It also protects other nutrients, such as Vitamin A, from oxidation but is largely destroyed by freezing. Commercially it can be produced from cottonseed, maize, rice germ, soya been oil, wheat germ, or green leaves and may, therefore, come from Genetically Modified sources.

Halal
E309
Name: E309
Ingredient Name: Delta-tocopherol (synthetic)
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
E309 is an antioxidant for polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as a vitamin. Reported to be the most effective antioxidant of all the tocopherols in non-biological matter. It also protects other nutrients, such as Vitamin A, from oxidation but is largely destroyed by freezing. Commercially it can be produced from cottonseed, maize, rice germ, soya been oil, wheat germ, or green leaves and may, therefore, come from Genetically Modified sources.

Halal
E310
Name: E310
Ingredient Name: Propyl gallate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
Used to prevent rancidity in oily substances. It is derived from nutgalls. It may cause gastric or skin irritation, gallates are not permitted in foods for infants and small children because of their known tendency to cause the blood disorder, methemoglobinemia. Used in oils, margarine, lard and salad dressings, sometimes used in packaging.

Halal
E311
Name: E311
Ingredient Name: Octyl gallate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
Octyl gallate is synthesised by the esterification of gallic acid. It is used as an antioxidant in food, often with BHT (E321) and BHA (E320), although it has limited use as it is unstable at high temperatures. Typical products include oils and fats, cereals, snack foods, dairy produce.

Halal
E312
Name: E312
Ingredient Name: Dodecyl gallate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Depends
Description:
Synthesised from lauryl alcohol and gallic acid, which is produced from plant tannins. Anti-oxidant in fatty products, especially added to prevent rancidity. Typical products include oils and fats, cereals, snack foods, dairy produce. There is the possibility that the lauric acid used for lauryl alcohol is obtained from animal fat, although the main source is vegetable fat. Use of animal (incl. pork) fat cannot be ruled out completely. It does not contain alcohol (ethanol).

Depends
E313
Name: E313
Ingredient Name: Thiodipropionic acid
Category: Anti-oxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
Synthetic Anti-oxidant in fatty products, especially added to prevent rancidity. Used in Oils and fats, (cosmetics).

Halal
E314
Name: E314
Ingredient Name: Guaiac Gum
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural resin from the tree Guajacum officinale and some related tropical trees. Anti-oxidant in cola

Halal
E315
Name: E315
Ingredient Name: Erythorbic acid
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
Synthetic isomer of vitamin C, but with only 1/20 of the vitamin activity. Produced from sucrose , acts as an anti-oxidant in many products.

Halal
E316
Name: E316
Ingredient Name: Sodium erythorbate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
Sodium salt of erythorbic acid, a synthetic isomer of vitamin C (but with only 1/20 of the vitamin activity). An anti-oxidant in meat products.

Halal
E316
Name: E316
Ingredient Name: Sodium erythorbate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Mushbooh
Description:
Sodium salt of erythorbic acid, a synthetic isomer of vitamin C (but with only 1/20 of the vitamin activity). An anti-oxidant in meat products.

Mushbooh
E318
Name: E318
Ingredient Name: Sodium erythorbin
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Mushbooh
Description:
Produced from E317

Mushbooh
E320
Name: E320
Ingredient Name: Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
Anti-oxidant in fats and fatty products to prevent rancidity. Used in wide range of fat-containing products. Acceptable Daily Intake is upto 0. 5 mg/kg body weight. BHA in combination with high concentrations of vitamin C can produce free radicals, which can cause damage to the components of cells, including DNA. This has prompted the EU to restrict the use of BHA in the near future.

Halal
E321
Name: E321
Ingredient Name: Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
Synthetic antioxidant in fats and fatty products to prevent rancidity. Used in wide range of fat-containing products. Acceptable Daily Intake upto 0. 3 mg/kg body weight. BHT can cause liver damage in high concentrations. In some people with a hereditary isomer of a specific liver enzyme it can cause migraine. Due to the side effects, the EU has restricted its use; thus, the number of BHT-containing products will decline in the next few years.

Halal
E322
Name: E322
Ingredient Name: Lecithin
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
halal if it is from soy fat or egg yolk; haram if it is from animal fat. Commercial lecithin, most of which comes from soya bean oil, which may be Genetically Modified, contains a mixture of phosphoglycerides containing principally lecithin, cephalin and phosphatidyl inositol. Other sources are egg yolk, from where it was originally obtained, and leguminous seeds, including peanuts and maize, which also may be Genetically Modified. As an emulsifier it lowers the surface tension of water allowing the better combining of oils, fats and water in such foods as chocolate, ice cream, margarine and mayonnaise. In bread and bakery products it increases volume and also acts as an anti-staling agent thereby extending shelf life. Lecithin is also a good synergist to antioxidants in fats and oils so is often used in combination with them

Depends
E325
Name: E325
Ingredient Name: Sodium lactate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Depends
Description:
The sodium salt of Lactic acid (E270). It is hygroscopic and used in such products as sponge cakes and Swiss rolls where its ability to absorb moisture helps to retain the moisture content and thereby extend shelf-life. It is also used for its synergistic effect on other substances antioxidant effect and sometimes as a substitute for glycerol (E422). Found in cheese, sponge cakes and Swiss rolls, ice cream, jams, jellies, margarine, marmalades and sweets. Muslims should be aware that as the source, (E270), Lactic acid, is a naturally occurring animal product it could conceivably be of animal origin.

Depends
E326
Name: E326
Ingredient Name: Potassium lactate
Category: Antioxidant�cidity regulator
Status: Depends
Description:
The potassium salt of lactic acid (E270). It is hygroscopic and used in such products as sponge cakes and Swiss rolls where its ability to absorb moisture helps to retain the moisture content and thereby extend shelf-life. It is also used for its synergistic effect on other substances antioxidant effect. Found in sponge cakes and Swiss rolls, ice cream, jams, jellies, marmalades and sweets. Muslims should be aware that as the source, E270, Lactic acid, is a naturally occurring animal product it could conceivably be of animal origin.

Depends
E327
Name: E327
Ingredient Name: Calcium lactate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Depends
Description:
The calcium salt of lactic acid (E270). Particularly used in tinned fruits and vegetables where it inhibits discolouration and, because of its reaction with the naturally present pectin, forming the less water soluble calcium pectate, helps prevent the structural collapse of the food. Improves properties of milk powders and condensed milk. Also used for its synergistic effect on other substances antioxidant effect. As well as the aforementioned can be found in jams, jellies, and marmalades. Muslims should be aware that as the source, E270, Lactic acid, is a naturally occurring animal product it could conceivably be of animal origin.

Depends
E329
Name: E329
Ingredient Name: Magnesium lactate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Depends
Description:
Magnesium lactate is the magnesium salt of lactic acid, E270, and is used as a humectant and antioxidant in food. It is capable of increasing the antioxidant effects of other substances. It is hygroscopic hence is used in such products where its ability to absorb moisture helps to extend shelf life. Sometimes used as a substitute for glycerol. Typical products include jams, margarines, cheese, sweets, ice cream, cakes. Lactic acid, is a naturally occurring animal product it could conceivably be of animal origin.

Depends
E330
Name: E330
Ingredient Name: Citric acid
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
It is normally manufactured by fermentation of cane sugar or molasses in the presence of the fungus Aspergillus niger, but it can also be obtained from pineapple by-products and low-grade lemons. Its use as a food additive is wide and varied -as a synergist to enhance the effectiveness of other antioxidants; as a sharp-tasting flavouring; as a sequestrant in foods it combines with the naturally occurring trace metals to prevent discolouration. Because of this versatility it can be found in a wide range of products, including non-alcoholic drinks, bakery products, beer, cheese and processed cheese spreads, cider, biscuits, cake mixes, frozen fish (particularly herrings, shrimps and crab), ice cream, jams, jellies, frozen croquette potatoes and potato waffles, preserves, sorbets, packet soups, sweets, tinned fruits, sauces and vegetables.

Halal
E331
Name: E331
Ingredient Name: Sodium citrates (i) Monosodium citrate (ii) Disodium citrate (iii) Trisodium citrate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
(i) Monosodium citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid, E330, and is used as an antioxidant in food as well as to improve the effects of other antioxidants. It is also used as an acidity regulator and sequestrant. Typical products include gelatine products, jam, sweets, ice cream, carbonated beverages, milk powder, wine, processed cheeses. (ii) Disodium citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid, E330, and is used as an antioxidant in food as well as to improve the effects of other antioxidants. It is also used as an acidity regulator and sequestrant. Typical products include gelatine products, jam, sweets, ice cream, carbonated beverages, milk powder, wine, processed cheeses. (iii) Trisodium citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid, E330, and is used as an antioxidant in food as well as to improve the effects of other antioxidants. It is also used as an acidity regulator and sequestrant. Typical products include gelatine products, jam, sweets, ice cream, carbonated beverages, milk powder, wine, processed cheeses.

Halal
E332
Name: E332
Ingredient Name: Potassium citrates (i) Monopotassium citrate (ii) Tripotassium citrate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
(i) Monopotassium citrate is the potassium salt of citric acid, E330, and is used as an antioxidant in food as well as to improve the effects of other antioxidants. It is also used as an acidity regulator and sequestrant. Typical products include gelatine products, jam, sweets, ice cream, carbonated beverages, milk powder, wine, processed cheeses. (ii) Tripotassium citrate is the potassium salt of citric acid, E330, and is used as an antioxidant in food as well as to improve the effects of other antioxidants. It is also used as an acidity regulator and sequestrant. Typical products include gelatine products, jam, sweets, ice cream, carbonated beverages, milk powder, wine, processed cheeses.

Halal
E333
Name: E333
Ingredient Name: Calcium citrates (i) Monocalcium citrate (ii) Dicalcium citrate (iii) Tricalcium citrate
Category: Acidity regulator, firming agent
Status: Halal
Description:
(i) Monocalcium citrate is the calcium salt of citric acid, E330, and is used as a firming agent in food. It is also used as an acidity regulator and sequestrant. Typical products include gelatine products, ice cream, wine, carbonated beverages, sweets, jams, evaporated and condensed milk, milk powder, processed cheeses. (ii) Dicalcium citrate is the calcium salt of citric acid, E330, and is used as a firming agent in food. It is also used as an acidity regulator and sequestrant. Typical products include gelatine products, ice cream, wine, carbonated beverages, sweets, jams, evaporated and condensed milk, milk powder, processed cheeses. (iii) Tricalcium citrate is the calcium salt of citric acid, E330, and is used as a firming agent in food. It is also used as an acidity regulator and sequestrant. Typical products include gelatine products, ice cream, wine, carbonated beverages, sweets, jams, evaporated and condensed milk, milk powder, processed cheeses. No known adverse effects in small quantities. In tinned vegetables and many of 330. Wide range of foods

Halal
E334
Name: E334
Ingredient Name: Tartaric acid (L (+) -) Acid
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
A natural, widely occurring, plant acid, giving the strong tart taste and the characteristic flavour to acidic fruits such as grapes, lemons and oranges. In fruit it can be free or either combined with potassium, calcium or magnesium. In food it is used as: an antioxidant where as a synergist it increases the antioxidant effect of other substances: for adjusting acidity in frozen dairy products, jellies, bakery products, dried egg whites, sweets, beverages, jams and preserves and wine: diluting food colours: as a sequestrant, chemically combining with undesirable oxidants and rendering them inactive. Can also be found in cocoa powders, sweets and tinned asparagus, fruit and tomatoes

Halal
E335
Name: E335
Ingredient Name: Sodium tartrates (i) Monosodium tartrate (ii) Disodium tartrate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
(i) Monosodium tartrate is a sodium salt of tartaric acid, E334, used mainly as an antioxidant and synergist in food, as well as an acidity regulator. See E334. Typical products include sweets, jelly, jams, carbonated beverages. (ii) Disodium tartrate is a sodium salt of tartaric acid, E334, used mainly as an antioxidant and synergist in food, as well as an acidity regulator. See E334. Typical products include sweets, jelly, jams, carbonated beverages. People with cardiac failure, high blood pressure, damaged liver or kidneys, and fluid retention. Found in most types of foods.

Halal
E336
Name: E336
Ingredient Name: Potassium tartrates (i) Monopotassium tartrate (cream of tartar) (ii) Dipotassium tartrate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
i) Monopotassium tartrate (cream of tartar) is a potassium salt of tartaric acid, E334, used mainly as an antioxidant and synergist in food, as well as an acidity regulator. See E334. Typical products include wine, citrus dessert mixes, sweets, jelly, jams, carbonated beverages. (ii) Dipotassium tartrate is a potassium salt of tartaric acid, E334, used mainly as an antioxidant and synergist in food, as well as an acidity regulator. See E334. Typical products include wine, citrus dessert mixes, sweets, jelly, jams, carbonated beverages.

Halal
E337
Name: E337
Ingredient Name: Sodium potassium tartrate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
Sodium potassium tartrate is a derivative of tartaric acid, E334, and is used in food as a buffer and antioxidant. There are no known adverse health effects and it is used medically as a bowel evacuant. Typical products include meat and cheese products, jams, margarine.

Halal
E338
Name: E338
Ingredient Name: Phosphoric acid
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
A food acid, derived from phosphate ore. Used in cheese products.

Halal
E339
Name: E339
Ingredient Name: Sodium phosphates (i) Monosodium phosphate (ii) Disodium phosphate (iii) Trisodium phosphate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
Mineral salts, used as a laxative and as a fixing agent in textile dyeing. High intakes may upset the calcium/phosphorus equilibrium.

Halal
E340
Name: E340
Ingredient Name: Potassium phosphates (i) Monopotassium phosphate (ii) Dipotassium phosphate (iii) Tripotassium phosphate
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
Mineral salts, used as a laxative and as a fixing agent in textile dyeing.

Halal
E341
Name: E341
Ingredient Name: Calcium phosphates (i) Monocalcium phosphate (ii) Dicalcium phosphate (iii) Tricalcium phosphate
Category: Anti-caking agent, firming agent
Status: Halal
Description:
A mineral salt found in rocks and bones. Used in medicines as an antacid and polishing agent in enamels.

Halal
E343
Name: E343
Ingredient Name: Magnesium phosphates (i) monomagnesium phosphate (ii) Dimagnesium phosphate
Category: Anti-caking agent
Status: Halal
Description:
An essential mineral. Used as an anti caking agent found in salt substitutes.

Halal
E350
Name: E350
Ingredient Name: Sodium malates (i) Sodium malate (ii) Sodium hydrogen malate
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Sodium salt of malic acid. Flavouring buffer and seasoning agent. Sweetened coconut, low salt substitute, all fruit drinks, soft drinks, dairy blend. No known adverse effects

Halal
E351
Name: E351
Ingredient Name: Potassium malate
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Potassium salts of malic acid, a natural acid present in fruits. Potassium malate is used as a buffer and flavouring. Found in products like Ice cream, fried products, etc. D, L -and D-isomers are not allowed in infant food, as infants lack the necessary enzymes to metabolise these compounds.

Halal
E352
Name: E352
Ingredient Name: Calcium malates (i) Calcium malate (ii) Calcium hydrogen malate
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Calcium salts of malic acid (E296), a natural acid present in fruits. Calcium malate is used as a thickener and flavouring. Found in products like Ice cream, fried products, marmalade, etc. D, L -and D-isomers are not allowed in infant food, as infants lack the necessary enzymes to metabolise these compounds.

Halal
E353
Name: E353
Ingredient Name: Metatartaric acid
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Acid, present in sugar cane and produced from glucose. Acidity regulator and metal scavenger. Found in products like Wine, fruit juices, etc. Acceptable Daily Intake is upto 30 mg/kg body weight. It is metabolised in the body to tartaric acid.

Halal
E354
Name: E354
Ingredient Name: Calcium tartrate
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Found in Biscuits and rusks. No known adverse effects. A tobacco additive permitted in the UK in March 2000.

Halal
E355
Name: E355
Ingredient Name: Adipic acid
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Adipic acid occurs naturally in living cells, but is commercially prepared from the oxidation of cyclohexanol by concentrated nitric acid. Typical products include many beverages.

Halal
E356
Name: E356
Ingredient Name: Sodium adipate
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Sodium adipate is the sodium salt of adipic acid. Used as an acidity regulator in food.

Halal
E357
Name: E357
Ingredient Name: Potassium adipate
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Potassium adipate is the potassium salt of adipic acid, it is used as an acidity regulator in food.

Halal
E363
Name: E363
Ingredient Name: Succinic acid
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Succinic acid a flavour enhancer. Large doses associated with stomach disorders. Succinic acid occurs naturally in fossils, fungi and lichen, and is commercially prepared from acetic acid. Not permitted in Australia.

Halal
E365
Name: E365
Ingredient Name: Sodium fumarate
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Sodium salt of fumaric acid (E297), a natural acid. Acidity regulator in products like confectionery, bakery products, baking powder, etc. Acceptable Daily Intake upto 6 mg/kg body weight. It is metabolised by the body (it is a normal component of all body cells).

Halal
E366
Name: E366
Ingredient Name: Potassium fumarate
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Potassium fumarate is the potassium salt of fumaric acid, E297, and is used as an acidity regulator in food.

Halal
E367
Name: E367
Ingredient Name: Calcium fumarate
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Salt of fumaric acid. Food acid. No known adverse effects.

Halal
E370
Name: E370
Ingredient Name: I, 4-Heptonolactone
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
1, 4-Heptonolactone is a gamma lactone synthesised from hydroxycarboxylic acid. It is used as an acidity regulator and sequestrant in food. Banned in some countries

Halal
E375
Name: E375
Ingredient Name: Nicotinic acid, Niacin, Nicotinamide
Category: Colour retention agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Nicotinic acid is a B vitamin, found naturally in yeast, liver and legumes, and is used in food as a colour retention agent as well as a B vitamin. It is essential for metabolism and the nervous system. Typical products include bread, flour, cereal. Other names: Pyridine-B-carboxylic acid, niacin

Halal
E380
Name: E380
Ingredient Name: Triammonium citrate
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Ammonium salt of citric acid E330. Acidity regulator, buffer and emulsifier found in products like chocolate confectionery, cheese spreads, etc. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined. Citric acid is a normal component of all body cells.

Halal
E381
Name: E381
Ingredient Name: Ammoniumferrocitrate
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Food acid. Essential mineral, food acid derived from citric acid; used as a dietary iron supplement in breakfast cereals and dietary formulas. Unsafe in large amounts.

Halal
E385
Name: E385
Ingredient Name: Calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate (Calcium disodium EDTA)
Status: Halal
Description:
Synthetic flavour, texture retainer, anti-gushing agent in beer, preservative, sequestrant and colour promoter. Causes mineral imbalance. It is a known enzyme and blood coagulant inhibitor. Banned in Australia. Found in products like canned soft drink, tinned white potatoes, salad dressings, egg products, oleomargarine, potato salad, lima beans, mushrooms, pecan pie filling, sandwich spreads.

Halal
E400
Name: E400
Ingredient Name: Alginic acid [Thickener] Stabiliser [Gelling agent]
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Used in jam, jellies and marmalades and other similar fruit spreads including low-calorie products, an ingredient in antacid preparations (Gaviscon, Bisodol tablets, Asilone tablets Boots own etc). Found in seaweed fertilizer preparations (approved by DEFRA's organic food standards but not by the Soil Association). Alginates (E400 -E405) are also used as a thickening paste for colours in printing textiles, as a hardener and thickener for joining threads in weaving; the alginates may subsequently be dissolved away, giving special effects to the material. Other uses include glazing and sizing paper, special printers' inks, paints, cosmetics, insecticides, and pharmaceutical preparations. In the USA alginates are frequently used as stabilisers in ice cream, giving a smooth texture and body, and also as a suspending agent in milk shakes.

Halal
E401
Name: E401
Ingredient Name: Sodium alginate
Category: Thickener, stabiliser, gelling agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Used as a food thickener and stabiliser and in medicines, paint, and paper coating. Also see E400. Used in NiQuitin CQ lozenges.

Halal
E402
Name: E402
Ingredient Name: Potassium alginate
Category: Thickener, stabiliser, gelling agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Also see E400. Found in St Ivel Gold low fat spreads.

Halal
E403
Name: E403
Ingredient Name: Ammonium alginate
Category: Thickener, stabiliser, gelling agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Also see E400. No known adverse effects, however large quantities may inhibit the absorption of some nutrients.

Halal
E404
Name: E404
Ingredient Name: Calcium alginate
Category: Thickener, stabiliser, gelling agent, emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
None available

Halal
E405
Name: E405
Ingredient Name: Propane-1, 2-diol alginate (Propylene glycol alginate)
Category: Thickener, stabiliser
Status: Halal
Description:
Stabilser, thickener, emulsifier. Propylene glycol alginate is a reaction product of propylene oxide and alginic acid. Not permitted in France.

Halal
E406
Name: E406
Ingredient Name: Agar
Category: Thickener, gelling agentstabiliser
Status: Halal
Description:
Agar-Agar is produced from members of the Gelidiacae, Sphaerococcaceae and Rhodophyceae seaweed families. It is used in food as a gelling agent, although the resulting coagulation is rather brittle and not as effective as carrageenan or gelatin. Typical products include ice cream and frozen desserts, meringue, icings, sweets, fondants, cream, milk and yogurt. Believed to present a negligible risk to health. A gelatinous substance derived from seaweed. It is used in bulk-forming laxative medicines, sometimes combined with liquid paraffin, and in certain preparations for the treatment of obesity.

Halal
E407
Name: E407
Ingredient Name: Carrageenan
Category: Thickener, stabiliser, gelling agent, emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Carrageenan is a naturally occurring family of carbohydrates extracted from red seaweed. This particular type of seaweed is common in the Atlantic Ocean near Britain, Europe and North America. The seaweed is boiled to extract the carrageenan. Carrageenan is widely used as an additive by the food industry for its gelling, thickening and stabilising properties. Used in salad dressings, prepared meat and fish, flavoured milk, processed cheese, ice cream, evaporated milk, cream, cottage cheese, sour cream, infant formula, alcoholic beverages, sauces and dressings. The type of carrageenan that can be added to food in the EU is very specific. It must not be in a chemically degraded (hydrolysed) form.

Halal
E407a
Name: E407a
Ingredient Name: Processed eucheuma seaweed
Category: Thickener stabiliser gelling agent
Status: Halal
Description:
A fibre extracted from seaweed.

Halal
E410
Name: E410
Ingredient Name: Locust bean gum (Carob gum)
Category: Thickener stabiliser gelling agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Originally from the Mediterranean and the western Asia, Carob is now mainly grown in Mediterranean countries. The gum is extracted from the seeds of the Carob tree (Seratonia siliqua). Gums are famously bland, they are generally odourless and tasteless and most have no energy value. They do though have a nutritional function besides their mechanical and cosmetic ones: in digestion they function as fibre, easing bowel function, and some are used as bulk laxatives. Used in frozen desserts, cultured dairy products and cream cheese.

Halal
E412
Name: E412
Ingredient Name: Guar gum
Category: Thickener, stabiliser
Status: Halal
Description:
Also called guaran, it is extracted from the seed of the leguminous shrub Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, where it acts as a food and water store. In the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry Guar gum is used as an effective binder, stabiliser, disintegrator and thickener. Widely used in bakeries, diaries and the production of processed meat, dressings and sauces. It is an important natural food supplement with high nutritional value, for weight gain and cholesterol reduction. In cosmetics, especially shampoos and toothpastes, guar gum is used primarily as a thickening and suspending agent. In beverages, it is used as stabiliser for preparing chocolate drinks and juices. Guar is also widely used in tobacco, leather, insecticides and pesticides, crayons and adhesives amongst others.

Halal
E413
Name: E413
Ingredient Name: Tragacanth
Category: Thickener , stabiliser, emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Tragacanth or gum tragacanth, is a gummy exudation from the leguminous shrub Astragalus gummifer. It is obtained through incisions made into the stem of the plant. Tragacanth is almost insoluble in water but swells in it to form a stiff gel. It is used as an emulsifying agent, as a component of pills, hand lotions, and medicinal lubricating jellies, as a demulcent, and as a sizing material. A gum (sometimes called Indian tragacanth) from a plant of the sterculia family is sold as a cheaper substitute. Used in salad dressings, processed cheese, cream cheese, cottage cheese, ice cream and icing.

Halal
E414
Name: E414
Ingredient Name: Acacia gum (gum arabic)
Category: Thickener, stabiliser, emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Gum arabic is the dried gum from the stems and branches of sub-Saharan (Sahel zone) Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal (Leguminosae) trees and produced naturally as large nodules during a process called gummosis to seal wounds in the bark of the tree. Gum arabic is used in food as a thickener, stabiliser, glazing agent and emulsifier, and is readily water-soluble. Typical products include chewing gum, sweets, jelly, fondants, beer, soft drinks, fruit squash, wine.

Halal
E415
Name: E415
Ingredient Name: Xanthan gum
Category: Thickener stabiliser
Status: Halal
Description:
Xanthan Gum is a natural carbohydrate produced by fermenting glucose with the appropriate micro organisms (Xanthomonas campestris). It is gluten-free but can be used as a substitute for gluten (the protein which gives wheat flour its structure). Used as an emulsifier, lubricant, suspending agent and thickener. May be used alongside non-gluten containing flours to improve structure and texture in gluten-free baked goods. Also used in salad dressing to emulsify oil and vinegar, in cosmetics, animal feeds and various industrial products.

Halal
E416
Name: E416
Ingredient Name: Karaya gum
Category: Thickener stabiliser emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Its main function is to impart stability through its binding and emulsifying properties. Karaya has been used as a stabiliser in whipped cream and in imitation whipped cream. Also used to stabilise meringue powders. In combination with Carrageenan, Karaya increases the shelf life of bread and other bakery goods and improves the tolerance of dough to overmixing. In meat processing, Karaya has been used as an emulsifier and binder. It functions by absorbing the water residue from the ice used in manufacturing processed meats. Found in cereal and potato-based snacks, cheese spreads, bakery products, nut coatings, fillings, toppings and coatings for bakery products, desserts, emulsified sauces, egg-based liqueurs, dietary food supplements, dairy products and chewing gum. Also used as a denture adhesive, and laxative.

Halal
E417
Name: E417
Ingredient Name: Tara gum
Category: Thickener, stabiliser
Status: Halal
Description:
Tara gum is the endosperm of the seeds of the tara tree (Cesalpinia spinosa lin). Like guar gum and carob bean gum, tara gum is a galactomannan, comprising approximately 25% of galactose. Tara gum is partly soluble in cold water. The solution is more viscous than a guar gum or carob bean gum solution of the same concentration. Like carob bean gum, it has a gelling effect together with xanthan and increases the gelling properties of agar.

Halal
E418
Name: E418
Ingredient Name: Gellan gum
Category: Thickener, stabiliser
Status: Halal
Description:
A thickener, gelling agent and stabiliser Gellan gum is the generic name for a natural gum produced by the bacterium, Pseudomonas elodea. It is a polysaccharide (meaning -composed of sugars). Used in the new generation of gel drinks such as Sunny Delight.

Halal
E420
Name: E420
Ingredient Name: Sorbitol (i) Sorbitol (ii) Sorbitol syrup
Category: Emulsifier, sweetener, humectant
Status: Halal
Description:
Artificial sweetener and humectant; derived from glucose, either obtained from berries of the Sorbus aucuparia tree or synthesised; used in confectionary, dried fruit, pastries, low calorie foods, pharmaceutical syrups and ophthalmic preparations and is the seventh most widely used preservative in cosmetics; not permitted in foods for infants and young children, can cause gastric disturbance. Four pieces of low-joule chewing gum can make a child seriously ill. Not recommended for diabetics or people with fructose intolerance

Halal
E421
Name: E421
Ingredient Name: Mannitol Anti-caking agent
Category: Sweetener
Status: Halal
Description:
Artificial sweetener and humectant; derived from seaweed or the manna ash tree, but manufactured commercially by hydrogenation of invert sugar (glucose and fructose), monosaccharides and sucrose. Possible allergen, not permitted in infant foods due to its ability to cause diarrhoea and kidney dysfunction, also may cause nausea, vomiting; typical products are low calorie sugar-free foods, mustard, puddings, sauces, frozen fish. Other Names: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexanehexol, mannite, manna sugar

Halal
E422
Name: E422
Ingredient Name: Glycerol
Category: Emulsifier, sweetener
Status: Halal
Description:
A natural carbohydrate alcohol, which is one of the components of all fats. It is also present in low concentrations in blood. It is commercially produced either synthetically from propene, or by bacterial fermentation of sugars; it is not produced from fat. Low-calorie sweetener, humectant (helps keep food moist) in bakery and confectionery products. The term carbohydrate alcohol is a chemical definition; glycerol does not contain alcohol.

Halal
E425
Name: E425
Ingredient Name: Konjac (i) Konjac gum (ii) Konjac glucomannane
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Very popular in Japan as a cooking supplement for soups and stew-like dishes, once cooked, The tuber like plant is reduced to a substance somewhat stiffer than gelatin. The resultant material is pressed into blocks and sold like tofu in the grocery stores. The main substance in konjac is called glucomannan which has a low calorie content but is rich in dietary fibre. In the USA, the Food and Drug Administration has issued warnings about certain confectionary products (jelly type sweets) containing konjac. May be found in yoghurt, ice cream, cream cheese, non dairy creamers and confectionary (sweets).

Halal
E430
Name: E430
Ingredient Name: Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate
Category: Emulsifier, stabiliser [possible allergic reaction]
Status: Depends
Description:
Synthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound) and stearic acid (a natural fatty acid). Emulsifier found in Products like Sauces and (mainly) cosmetics. Acceptable Daily Intake is upto 25 mg/kg body weight for the entire group of compounds in the E430-E436 range; on the other hand, it has not been specified for the individual compounds. People intolerant of propylene glycol should also avoid the group of 430-E436. These compounds (430-E436) contain fatty acids, which are nearly always from vegetable oils; however, use of animal fat (including pork) cannot be fully ruled out. Chemically, the origin of these compounds cannot be determined; only the producer may provide information on the origin.

Depends
E431
Name: E431
Ingredient Name: Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
E431 is a synthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound) and stearic acid (a natural fatty acid). Used in bakery products, puddings, etc. Acceptable Daily Intake is upto 25 mg/kg body weight for the entire group of compounds in the 430-E436 range; on the other hand, it has not been specified for the individual compounds. These compounds (430-E436) contain fatty acids, which are nearly always from vegetable oils; however, use of animal fat (including pork) cannot be fully ruled out. Chemically, the origin of these compounds cannot be determined; only the producer may provide information on the origin.

Depends
E432
Name: E432
Ingredient Name: Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20)
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Polysorbates are made by reacting ethylene oxide (a gas) with sorbitan esters. Polysorbates are generally used in combination other emulsifiers such as mono-and diglycerides or sorbitan monostearates for various purposes such as to disperse flavours and colours, to make essential oils and vitamins soluble and to improve volume and texture in baked goods. Widely used as an emulsifier or solubiliser in a variety of foods including bakery products and in cosmetics and other industrial products.

Depends
E433
Name: E433
Ingredient Name: Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80)
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Functions as an emulsifier (holding water and oils in suspension), in various foods and supplements. Polysorbates are generally used in combination other emulsifiers such as mono-and diglycerides or sorbitan monostearates for various purposes such as to disperse flavours and colours, to make essential oils and vitamins soluble and to improve volume and texture in bakery products.

Depends
E434
Name: E434
Ingredient Name: Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (polysorbate 40)
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Used as an antifoaming agent, colourant and fat-soluble antioxidants. Found in Desserts and Sugar confectionery . Also found in Firm Hold Hair Gels.

Depends
E435
Name: E435
Ingredient Name: Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate 60)
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Polyoxyethylene- (20) -sorbitan monostearate and its relatives, POLYSORBATE 65 and 80, work the same way as mono-and diglycerides, but smaller amounts are required to achieve the same result. They help prevent baked goods from going stale, keep dill oil dissolved in bottled dill pickles, help coffee whiteners dissolve in coffee, and prevent oil from separating out of artificial whipped cream. An emulsifier and thickener found in bakery products, frozen desserts, imitation dairy products, emulsified sauces and soups. Other uses include products such as creams, lotions, pomades, sunscreens, shampoos, conditioners, skin protection creams, salves, pharmaceutical ointments, and other emulsions.

Depends
E436
Name: E436
Ingredient Name: Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate (polysorbate 65)
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Emulsifier, stabiliser in a large range of foods including chewing gum. Causes fat absorption. Potentially cancer-inciting . Banned in Australia

Depends
E440
Name: E440
Ingredient Name: Pectins (i) pectin (ii) amidated pectin
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Found in ripe fruit such as apples and plums but mainly prepared from citrus peel, traditionally lemons, limes and grapefruit. Pectin is mainly used as a gelling agent, but can also act as thickener, water binder and stabiliser. The key characteristics being that it forms jelly and jam-type gels in presence of sugar and acid which is then used to gel various foods, drugs, and cosmetics. Uses include confectionery, high-sugar jellies, jams, preserves, marmalades and acid milk drinks.

Halal
E441
Name: E441
Ingredient Name: Gelatine
Category: Emulsifier, gelling agent, [animal origin]
Status: Haram
Description:
Produced from all species of animals. Unfortunately information on origin can only be obtained from the producer. Specific halal gelatin is made from cattle.

Haram
E442
Name: E442
Ingredient Name: Ammonium phosphatides
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Manufactured either synthetically or from a mixture of Glycerol (E422) and partially hardened rape seed oil. Used mainly as an emulsifier, to lower the surface tension of water so allowing the better combining of oils, fats and water, and as a stabiliser, to prevent separation. Similar in use to Lecithin (E322). Limited use as an antioxidant. Muslims should note that although industrial manufacturing based on propylene or sugar accounts for a large percentage of glycerol production, it can be obtained as a by-product in making soap from animal and vegetable fats and oils. Found in cocoa and chocolate products. It is the emulsifier found in Cadbury's Dairy Milk chocolate.

Depends
E444
Name: E444
Ingredient Name: Sucrose acetate isobutyrate
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Sucrose Acetate Isobutyrate. A synthetic compound derived from cane sugar.

Halal
E445
Name: E445
Ingredient Name: Glycerol esters of wood rosins
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Mushbooh
Description:
An emulsifier and stabiliser used in the soft drinks industry. Obtained by solvent extraction of pure stump wood (wood resin).

Mushbooh
E450
Name: E450
Ingredient Name: Diphosphates (i) Disodium diphosphate (ii) Trisodium diphosphate (iii) Tetrasodium diphosphate (iv) Dipotassium diphosphate (v) Tetrapotassium diphosphate (vi) Dicalcium diphosphate (vii) Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Salts of sodium/potassium/calcium with phosphates. All are produced synthetically from the respective carbonates and phosphoric acid. Buffers and emulsifiers. E450 (iii) also binds metals and prevents discoloration due to metals. E450 (vi) is also used as bread enhancer and calcium supplement. Acceptable Daily Intake is upto 70 mg/kg bodyweight for all phosphate containing additives . High concentrations of phosphates may disturb several metabolic processes as phosphate plays an important role in general metabolism.

Halal
E451
Name: E451
Ingredient Name: Triphosphates (i) Pentasodium triphosphate (ii) Pentapotassium triphosphate
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Salts of sodium/potassium with phosphates. All are produced synthetically from the respective carbonates and phosphoric acid. Buffers, stabiliser and emulsifiers. Also used to retain water during processing. Acceptable Daily Intake is upto 70 mg/kg bodyweight for all phosphate containing additives. High concentrations of phosphates may disturb several metabolic processes as phosphate plays an important role in general metabolism.

Halal
E452
Name: E452
Ingredient Name: Polyphosphates (i) Sodium polyphosphates (ii) Potassium polyphosphates (iii) Sodium calcium polyphosphate (iv) Calcium polyphophates
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Salts of sodium/potassium/calcium/ammonium with phosphates. All are produced synthetically from the respective carbonates and phosphoric acid. Sequestrants (metal binders), stabiliser and emulsifiers. Also used to retain water during processing and storage. Found in many different products. Acceptable Daily Intake is upto 70 mg/kg bodyweight for all phosphate containing additives. High concentrations of phosphates may disturb several metabolic processes as phosphate plays an important role in general metabolism.

Halal
E460
Name: E460
Ingredient Name: Cellulose (i) Microcrystalline cellulose (ii) Powdered cellulose
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Cellulose is mostly prepared from wood pulp and has many uses such as an anticakeing agent, emulsifier, stabiliser, dispersing agent, thickener, and gelling agent. Cellulose can give improved volume and texture particularly as a fat replacer in sauces and dressings but its insolubility means that all products will be cloudy. Also used in the absorbent pads used to prepack fresh and chilled foods and which are used to absorb excess juices and fluids, mircocrystalline cellulose is found in drug preparations (tablets). Found in sauces, soups, breads, biscuits and cakes, frozen desserts, ice cream, margarine, crisps, spreads, jams, chocolate, quick-setting deserts and milk shakes. Cellulose and its derivatives E460-466 are used as glazing agents, disintegrants and slow release agents.

Halal
E461
Name: E461
Ingredient Name: Methyl cellulose
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Found in sterilised, pasteurised and UHT cream, low-calorie cream and pasteurised low-fat cream, laxatives, sun creams and amongst other things, wallpaper paste. May cause asthma, intestinal blockage, itching, skin rash and swallowing difficulty.

Halal
E462
Name: E462
Ingredient Name: Ethyl cellulose
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Ethylcellulose is prepared from cellulose, the main polysaccharide and constituent of wood and all plant structures. Commercially prepared from wood and chemically ethylated. Many different uses, mainly as thickening agent, but also as filler, dietary fibre, anti clumping agent and emulsifier. Used in only few products, and no longer permitted as emulsifier in the EU. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined. Ethylcellulose is practically non soluble, but can be fermented in the large intestine. Large concentrations can cause intestinal problems, such as bloating, constipation and diarrhoea.

Halal
E463
Name: E463
Ingredient Name: Hydroxy propyl cellulose
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
A semisynthetic compound derived from cellulose, the woody material produced by plants. Found in sterilised, pasteurised and UHT cream, low-calorie cream and pasteurised low-fat cream. Also used as a laxative and as an additive to tobacco products and in cosmetics as a binding agent, emulsion stabiliser, film former and viscosity adjuster.

Halal
E464
Name: E464
Ingredient Name: Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
A semisynthetic compound derived from cellulose, the woody material produced by plants. Found in sterilised, pasteurised and UHT cream, low-calorie cream and pasteurised low-fat cream, bakery products and in reduced fat products. Also in pharmacuticals including Multibionta 50+ Probiotic multi vitamin pills, Rhinolast nasal allergy spray and Viagra. In the cosmetics industry it is used as a binding agent, emulsion stabiliser, film former and viscosity adjuster.

Halal
E465
Name: E465
Ingredient Name: Ethyl methyl cellulose
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Thickener, emulsifier, stabiliser and foaming agent. Found in sterilised, pasteurised and UHT cream, low-calorie cream and pasteurised low-fat cream. Also used as a tobacco additive.

Halal
E466
Name: E466
Ingredient Name: Carboxy methyl cellulose, Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Found in sterilised, pasteurised and UHT cream, low-calorie cream and pasteurised low-fat cream, laxatives, and an ingredient of Sunny Delight.

Halal
E467
Name: E467
Ingredient Name: Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose
Category: Thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
A synthetic cellulose gum used as a binding and thickening agent. Also found in tobacco and detergents.

Halal
E469
Name: E469
Ingredient Name: Enzymically hydrolysed carboxymethylcellulose
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
The sodium salt of a carboxymethyl ether of cellulose, which has been partially hydrolyzed by enzymatic treatment with food-grade Trichoderma reesei cellulase. Used as a carrier, glazing agent, stabiliser and thickener.

Halal
E470a
Name: E470a
Ingredient Name: Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Fatty acids are natural elements of fats and oils. Their salts are obtained by treating them with alkaline substances in order to make such things as soaps. Used in cake mixes and oven ready chips.

Depends
E470b
Name: E470b
Ingredient Name: Magnesium salts of fatty acids
Category: Emulsifier, anti-caking agent
Status: Depends
Description:
Used as an anti-caking agent in certain food supplement tablets and capsules. Not permitted in Australia.

Depends
E471
Name: E471
Ingredient Name: Mono-and diglycerides of fatty acids (glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate)
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Manufactured from glycerin (see E422) and fatty acids, these are normally obtained from hydrogenated soya bean oil and as such may be genetically modified but the source maybe of animal origin aswell hence one must read the packaging to confirm suitable for vegetarians. Used where the foaming power of egg protein needs to be retained in the presence of fat and in baked goods as an 'anti-staling' agent where it prevents the loss of water from starches. Allegedly the most commonly used emulsifier in the food processing industry, it can be found in, amongst other foods, Black Forest gateau mix, cakes, hot-chocolate mix, aerosol creams, shaped crisps, quick custard mix, packet dessert topping, dehydrated potato, sponge puddings, sterilised, pasteurised and UHT cream, low-calorie cream and pasteurised low-fat cream, margarine and low fat spreads, and ice cream.

Depends
E472a
Name: E472a
Ingredient Name: Acetic acid esters of mono-and diglycerides of fatty acids
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Prepared from mixing esters of glycerol (see E422) with edible fats and acetic acid (see E260). Improves aeration properties of high fat recipes and produces a stable foam in whipped products by collecting together the fat globules. Because it is capable of forming a very thin, flexible and stretchable film it is also used as coating for meat products, nuts and fruits where it improves appearance and extends shelf life. Can also be found in bread, dessert toppings and cheesecake and mousse mixes

Depends
E472b
Name: E472b
Ingredient Name: Lactic acid esters of mono-and diglycerides of fatty acids
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Esters of mono and diglycerides (also see E472a, E472c and E472e) are widely used especially in fats, bakery products & whipped toppings Used to give emulsions their stability and the required viscosity. The first use of monoacylglycerols on an industrial scale was, more than 50 years ago, for making margarine where they emulsify the water phase in oil and fat phase. They are now currently included in low calorie spreads, peanut butter and ice cream to control their texture, starch based foods such as macaroni, noodles, potato products and in the bakery industry. Found in Cadburys mousse deserts, Marks & Spencer Strawberry Trifle and Mullerlight mousse.

Depends
E472c
Name: E472c
Ingredient Name: Citric acid esters of mono-and diglycerides of fatty acids
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Citrated mono and diglycerides are formed by esterifying the hydroxyl groups of mono and diglycerides. Used as an emulsifier. A substitute for lecithin (E322) in various applications. Permitted for use in infant formula and follow-on milk and other foods for infants and young children

Depends
E472d
Name: E472d
Ingredient Name: Tartaric acid esters of mono-and diglycerides of fatty acids
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
None available

Depends
E472e
Name: E472e
Ingredient Name: Mono-and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono-and diglycerides of fatty acids
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Consists of mixed glycerol esters of mono and diacetyltartaric acid and fatty acids of food fats prepared from esters of glycerol (see E422) with tartaric acid (see E334). It is made by the interaction of diacetyltartaric anhydride and mono and diglycerides. Its main use is as a dough conditioner in yeast raised bakery products such as bread although it also finds use in hot chocolate mix, gravy granules and frozen pizza.

Depends
E472f
Name: E472f
Ingredient Name: Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono-and diglycerides of fatty acids
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Consists of esters of glycerol with fatty acids of food fats, acetic acid and tartaric acid. It may contain small amounts of free glycerol, free fatty acids, free acetic acid, free tartaric acid and free glycerides. Found in processed bread and some other products.

Depends
E473
Name: E473
Ingredient Name: Sucrose esters of fatty acids
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Used stabilise margarine, mayonnaise, soups and dairy desserts. Modify swelled starch in noodles and baked goods. Also may be found in the following: baking mixes, chewing gum, coffee and tea beverages with added dairy ingredients, frozen dairy desserts and mixes, as a component of protective coatings applied to fresh apples, avocados, bananas, banana plantains, limes, melons (honeydew and cantaloupe), papaya, peaches, pears, pineapples, and plums to retard ripening and spoiling. Also involved in the production of olestra.

Depends
E474
Name: E474
Ingredient Name: Sucroglycerides
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
An emulsifier, stabiliser and thickener which may be found in dairy based drinks, flavoured and/or fermented (e. g. , chocolate milk, cocoa, eggnog, drinking yoghurt, whey based drinks), beverage whiteners, dairy based desserts (e. g. , ice cream, fruit or flavoured yoghurt). Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet, surface treated fresh fruit, fruit based desserts, including fruit flavoured water based desserts, cocoa mixes (powders and syrups), chewing gum, cereal and starch based desserts (e. g. , rice pudding, tapioca pudding). Also, heat treated processed meat, poultry, and game products in whole pieces or cuts, heat treated processed comminuted meat, poultry, and game products, egg based desserts (e. g. , custard), soups and broths, sauces, dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes, including those for infants and young children, dietetic formulae for slimming purposes and weight reduction, food supplements, water based flavoured drinks, including "sport" or "electrolyte" drinks and particulated drinks, cider and perry, fruit wine, Mead and Spirituous beverages.

Depends
E475
Name: E475
Ingredient Name: Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Extensively used in icings, toppings and cake mixes, ice cream, other desserts, bakery and pastry products, chewing gum, coffee whitener, butter and other spreads, milk powder for baby food, and imitation milk powders. It can also be used as a vehicle for a drug (dissolved or suspended), as a wetting agent, to help the wetting of a suspended powder , as a thickener. Owing to its high viscosity, it can be mixed with vegetable oils, to increase viscosity thus preventing separation.

Depends
E476
Name: E476
Ingredient Name: Polyglycerol polyricinoleate
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
It is produced from castor oil and glycerol esters (see E422). Muslims should note that although industrial manufacturing based on propylene or sugar accounts for a large percentage of glycerol production it can be obtained as a by-product in making soap from animal and vegetable fats and oils. Polyglycerol polyricinoleates (PGPR) are used, alone or in combination with soy lecithin, to improve the flow properties of molten chocolate and to reduce the amount of cocoa butter required. Mainly used in icings, toppings and in cake mixes. Can also be found in low fat spreads and dressings and cocoa-based, chocolate confectionery.

Halal
E477
Name: E477
Ingredient Name: Propane-1, 2-diol esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Mainly used in cakes & whipped toppings as emulsifiers and aerating agents.

Depends
E478
Name: E478
Ingredient Name: Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propane-1
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Combination of lactic acid, glycerol, propanediol and natural fats. Normal fat consists of glycerol and fatty acids, for these products glycerol is replaced by propanediol. The fats are mainly from plant origin, but also fats of animal origin may be used. The product generally is a mixture of different components. As an Emulsifiers and stabilizer it is found in bakery products. Acceptable Daily Intake is upto 25 mg/kg bodyweight for propyleneglycol. Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded. Only the producer can give detailed information on the origin of the fatty acids. Chemically the fatty acids from vegetable or animal origin are identical.

Depends
E479b
Name: E479b
Ingredient Name: Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono-and diglycerides of fatty acids
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Found in magarine and similar fat emulsions for frying purposes. May be of Genetically modified origin as manufactured from soya.

Depends
E481
Name: E481
Ingredient Name: Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Emulsifier used to improve the texture of baked goods, dough conditioner; stabiliser and whipping agent, emulsifying agent in salad dressings (including French dressing), soups, non dairy creamers, cream liqueur drinks and beauty preparations.

Depends
E482
Name: E482
Ingredient Name: Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Similar to E481 but with calcium as the added mineral instead of sodium. Lactic acid in commercial food is produced either by chemical synthesis or from bacterial fermentation of a carbohydrate such as corn sugar. It is considered safe for a milk allergic individual. Used as a conditioner in dehydrated potatoes (instant mashed potatoes) and helps to prevent staleing in bread.

Depends
E483
Name: E483
Ingredient Name: Stearyl tartrate
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Used as a dough strengthening agent. Stearyl tartrate has been extensively studied in animals. There are fears in some quarters that it may be a carcinogen, and it is prohibited in Australia.

Depends
E491
Name: E491
Ingredient Name: Sorbitan monostearate
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Sorbitan fatty acid esters are lipophilic (fat loving) generally soluble or dispersible in oil and tend to form water in oil emulsions. They are also soluble in most organic solvents. Used in fine bakery wares, anusol pile cream!!! and cream for dry and sensitive skin.

Depends
E492
Name: E492
Ingredient Name: Sorbitan tristearate
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
A semisynthetic compound derived from simple sugars and fatty acids. Produced by the reaction of sorbitol and stearic acid, sorbitan monostearate is the only sorbitan ester approved for food use. Applications include emulsifier for the preparation of water /oil emulsions, emulsifier for insecticides, anti-foaming agent, used in conjunction with polysorbates in oil toppings, cake mixes, etc. Found in Lancome nail strengthening cream, McDonalds (magarine applied to buns),

Depends
E493
Name: E493
Ingredient Name: Sorbitan monolaurate
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Produced from sorbitol and lauric acid, a normal fatty acid from vegetable or animal origin. Emulsifier and stabiliser found in different products. Although mainly vegetable oils are used, the use of animal fat (incl. pork) can not be excluded. Several groups, such as vegans, Muslims and Jews thus avoid these products. Only the producer can give detailed information on the origin of the fatty acids. Chemically the fatty acids from vegetable or animal origin are identical.

Depends
E494
Name: E494
Ingredient Name: Sorbitan monooleate
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Used as an emulsifier, thickener and stabiliser in foods. It stops yeast products foaming. Also used in pharmaceuticals. Banned in Australia.

Depends
E495
Name: E495
Ingredient Name: Sorbitan monopalmitate
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Depends
Description:
Emulsifier and stabiliser as alternative for 491. It is Banned in Australia. Due to its adverse health effects it is advisable to avoid it.

Depends
E500
Name: E500
Ingredient Name: Sodium carbonates (i) Sodium carbonate (ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate (Bicarbonate of soda) (iii) Sodium sesquicarbonate
Category: Acidity regulator, raising agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Produced from seawater or salt and also found as natural minerals. It is an Acidity regulator, alkali, and rising agent. Present in many different products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E501
Name: E501
Ingredient Name: Potassium carbonates (i) Potassium carbonate (ii) Potassium hydrogen carbonate
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Produced from potassiumchloride, a natural mineral. It is an Acidity regulator, alkali, and rising agent. Present in many different products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E503
Name: E503
Ingredient Name: Ammonium carbonates (i) Ammonium carbonate (ii) Ammonium hydrogen carbonate
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Produced from ammonium sulphate and calcium carbonate, natural minerals. It is an Acidity regulator, alkali, and rising agent. Present in many different products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E504
Name: E504
Ingredient Name: Magnesium carbonates (i) Magnesium carbonate (ii) Magnesium hydroxide carbonate (syn. Magnesium hydrogen carbonate)
Category: Acidity regulator-anti-caking agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Produced from magnesium hydroxide, but also occurs as a natural mineral. It is an Acidity regulator, alkali, and an anti-caking agent. Present in many different products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E507
Name: E507
Ingredient Name: Hydrochloric acid
Category: Acid
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural acid, normally present in the stomach. Produced from salt and sulphuric acid. It is an Acidity regulator found in products like Cheese, beer. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E508
Name: E508
Ingredient Name: Potassium chloride
Category: Gelling agent, seasoning
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural salt, part of sea salt and rock salt. Acts as a Salt replacer in many salt-free/sodium-free/low-sodium products. Its Acceptable Daily Intake is Not determined. It has a bad flavour and taste.

Halal
E509
Name: E509
Ingredient Name: Calcium chloride
Category: Sequestrant, firming agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural salt, part of sea salt and rock salt. An Acidity regulator which enhances firmness in fruits and vegetables and binds metals. Used in many products, especially as a calcium source in nutrition supplementsAcceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E510
Name: E510
Ingredient Name: Ammonium chloride, ammonia solution
Category: Acidity regulator-improving agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural salt, part of sea salt and rock salt. Prepared from hydrochloric acid and ammonia. Acidity regulator, flavour and nutrient for yeast in yeast-fermented products such as bread. Used in many products, but due to strong taste its use is limited. Acceptable Daily Intake is Not determined.

Halal
E511
Name: E511
Ingredient Name: Magnesium chloride
Category: Firming agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural salt, part of sea salt and rock salt. An Acidity regulator in Sterilised vegetables. Acceptable Daily Intake is Not yet determined. It may act as a laxative.

Halal
E512
Name: E512
Ingredient Name: Stannous chloride
Category: Antioxidant
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from tin ores and hydrochloric acid. A Stabiliser found in Canned beans and asparagus. Acceptable daily intake according to health authorities is up to 2 mg/kg bodyweight.

Halal
E513
Name: E513
Ingredient Name: Sulphuric acid
Category: Acid
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from sulphur dioxide, oxygen and water. An acid and acidity regulator found in Beer and cheese products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E514
Name: E514
Ingredient Name: Sodium sulphates (i) Sodium sulphate (ii) Sodium hydrogen sulphate
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from salt and sulphuric acid. A Filling agent and stabiliser in Chewing gums. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E515
Name: E515
Ingredient Name: Potassium sulphates (i) Potassium sulphate (ii) Potassium hydrogen sulphate
Category: Seasoning
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from potassium salts and sulphuric acid. Also found as a natural mineral. Used for treatment of water used for brewing. It also acts as a salt replacer in Beer and low-sodium products Acceptable Daily Intake is not yet determined.

Halal
E516
Name: E516
Ingredient Name: Calcium sulphate
Category: Sequestrant, improving agent, firming agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from calcium salts and sulphuric acid. Natural mineral. Stabiliser, metal binding agent, nutrient for yeast in bread and many other products, including pharmaceutical preparations Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E517
Name: E517
Ingredient Name: Ammonium sulphate
Category: Improving agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from ammonium salts and sulphuric acid. Natural mineral. Works as a Stabiliser, buffer, and bread enhancer. Its found in many Bakery and confectionary products . Acceptable Daily Intake is not yet determined.

Halal
E518
Name: E518
Ingredient Name: Magnesium sulphate, Epsom salts
Category: Acidity regulator, firming agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from magnesium salts and sulphuric acid. Natural mineral; enhances firmness in canned vegetables. Also found as part of various food supplements. Its acceptable Daily Intake is not determined. It has no known side effects when used in foods, but it is a strong laxative.

Halal
E519
Name: E519
Ingredient Name: Copper sulphate
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
Mineral salt, anti-caking agent which is manufactured but occurs naturally and used for making azo dyes. Fed to pigs to stimulate growth. A cumulative poison. Essential mineral for many body functions such as making blood and tissues to fighting infections. Naturally in meat, cereals, vegetables. Used in infant formula as a mineral supplement.

Halal
E520
Name: E520
Ingredient Name: Aluminium sulphate
Category: Firming agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural mineral, from which the commercial product is purified. Aluminium sulphate is used to precipitate protein, for example during the beer brewing process. It also strengthens the structure of vegetables during processing. Its used in Beer, pickled vegetables, proteins (deodorant, as anti-bacterial agent). Acceptable daily intake is not determined. A health concern about Aluminium is that it inhibits the uptake of B-vitamins.

Halal
E521
Name: E521
Ingredient Name: Aluminium sodium sulphate
Category: Firming agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from natural aluminium sulphate. It strengthens the structure of vegetables during processing. It is used as acidity regulator and bleaching agent in flour. It is found in Products like Flour, cheese and confectionary Acceptable daily intake is not determined. As a side-effect Aluminium inhibits the uptake of B-vitamins.

Halal
E522
Name: E522
Ingredient Name: Aluminium potassium sulphate
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from natural aluminium sulphate. It is used as acid source in baking powder for bakery products, baked at high temperature. It also stabilises colours. Used in Industrial baking powder. Acceptable daily intake is upto 0. 6 mg/kg bodyweight. Aluminium inhibits the uptake of B-vitamins. It may also influence liver function in high concentrations. However with use of E522 the concentrations are too low.

Halal
E523
Name: E523
Ingredient Name: Aluminium ammonium sulphate
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from natural aluminium sulphate. It is used as acid source in baking powder for bakery products, baked at high temperature. It also stabilises colours. It is found in Products like Industrial baking powder Acceptable daily intake is upto 0. 6 mg/kg bodyweight according to health authorites. A Side effect of Aluminium is that it inhibits the uptake of B-vitamins.

Halal
E524
Name: E524
Ingredient Name: Sodium hydroxide
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from natural salt. Strong alkali used as acidity regulator. Also used to enhance the industrial peeling of fruits, also to blacken olives and in the preparation of caramel. It is found in many products, including bakery goods, cocoa products, coffee creamer, black olives. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E525
Name: E525
Ingredient Name: Potassium hydroxide
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from the natural salt potassium chloride. Strong alkali used as acidity regulator. Also used to enhance the industrial peeling of fruits and to blacken olives. Found in Products like Bakery goods, cocoa products, black olives and the colour annatto (E160b) Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E526
Name: E526
Ingredient Name: Calcium hydroxide
Category: Acidity regulator, firming agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from the natural salt calcium oxide. Strong alkali used as acidity regulator, for example in wine. A solution of calcium hydroxide can be used to preserve eggs. A solution of calcium hydroxide and sugar (1:3) is used to regulate the acidity in frozen products. It strengthens the structure of vegetables during processing. Found in Cheese, cocoa products, wine, nutmeg, sweet frozen products and dried fish. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E527
Name: E527
Ingredient Name: Ammonium hydroxide
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from the ammonia and water. Strong alkali used as acidity regulator. Also used for the production of caramel. Used in Egg , cocoa products, colours. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E528
Name: E528
Ingredient Name: Magnesium hydroxide
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from natural minerals. Strong alkali used as acidity regulator. Used in cheese to enhance rennet and stabilises the colour of vegetables during canning. Used in Cheese and canned vegetables Acceptable daily intake is not determined. It may act as a Laxative in high concentration.

Halal
E529
Name: E529
Ingredient Name: Calcium oxide
Category: Acidity regulator, improving agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from chalk and used as an acidity regulator. Also used in the manufacture of sugar to remove impurities, in bakery products as stabiliser and as a nutrient for yeast. It is also used in the preparation of intestines for sausages (as cover, not filling). Found in cocoa products, bakery products, intestines. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E530
Name: E530
Ingredient Name: Magnesium oxide
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
halal Prepared from several minerals. Used as acidity regulator and anti-caking agent. Found in Cocoa products and bakery products Acceptable daily intake is not determined. Magnesium acts as a laxative in high concentrations.

Halal
E535
Name: E535
Ingredient Name: Sodium ferrocyanide
Category: Acidity regulator, anti-caking agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from hydrogen ferrocyanide and sodium hydroxide. Used as metal binder and anti-caking agent. Found in Salt. Acceptable daily intake suggested by health authorities is upto 25 mg/kg bodyweight. Use is very limited, partly due to the strong yellow colour.

Halal
E536
Name: E536
Ingredient Name: Potassium ferrocyanide
Category: Anti-caking agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared from hydrogen ferrocyanide and potassium hydroxide. Used as anti-caking agent and to remove copper from red wine. Copper is used as a fungicide on grapes. Found in Salt. Acceptable daily intake suggested by health authorities is Up to 25 mg/kg bodyweight.

Halal
E538
Name: E538
Ingredient Name: Calcium ferrocyanide
Category: Anti-caking agent
Status: Halal
Description:
It is a Synthetic compound used as an anti-oxidant, especially to inhibit browning in potato products. Acceptable daily intake suggested by health authorities is upto 0. 7 mg/kg bodyweight .

Halal
E541
Name: E541
Ingredient Name: Sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Synthetically produced from aluminium, phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide. The acid form is used in baking powder for slow baking processes at low temperature; the alkaline form is used as an emulsifier in processed cheese. Acceptable daily intake is upto 0. 6 mg/kg bodyweight.

Halal
E542
Name: E542
Ingredient Name: Bone phosphate
Category: Anti-caking agent [animal origin]
Status: Haram
Description:
Produced from animal bones. Used as an anti-caking agent, emulsifier and source of phosphorous in food supplements. Main use, however, is in cosmetics (such as tooth paste). Found in dry products and cane sugar. Acceptable daily intake suggested by health authorities is upto 70 mg/kg bodyweight. Phosphates are normal essential salts for the body. In view of the need to avoid calcium deficiency, their use is limited, as they bind to calcium readily.

Haram
E543
Name: E543
Ingredient Name: Calcium sodium polyphosphate
Status: Halal
Description:
Produced from sodium phosphate and calcium phosphate from non-animal origin. Used as emulsifier and stabilizer. Found in Processed cheese and frozen bakery products. Acceptable daily intake suggested by health authorities is upto 70 mg/kg bodyweight.

Halal
E544
Name: E544
Ingredient Name: Calcium polyphosphate
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Produced by heating calcium phosphate. Used as emulsifier and stabiliser. Found in Processed cheese. Acceptable daily intake suggested by health authorities is upto 70 mg/kg bodyweight.

Halal
E545
Name: E545
Ingredient Name: Aluminium polyphosphate
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Produced by heating ammonium hydrogen phosphate. Used as emulsifier and stabiliser. Also used as nutrient for yeast and increases water binding properties. Found in Processed cheese and frozen poultry. Acceptable daily intake suggested by health authorities is upto 70 mg/kg bodyweight.

Halal
E546
Name: E546
Ingredient Name: Magnesium pyrophosphate
Status: Halal
Description:
Produced by heating magnesium phosphate. Used as emulsifier and stabiliser. Found in processed cheese. Acceptable daily intake suggested by authorities is upto 70 mg/kg bodyweight. Phosphates are normal essential salts for the body. In view of the need to avoid calcium deficiency, their use is limited, as they bind to calcium readily. They have no side effects.

Halal
E550
Name: E550
Ingredient Name: Sodium silicate
Category: Anti-caking agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Produced by heating siliciumdioxide (quartz, sand) and sodiumcarbonate. Used as anti-caking agent, to preserve eggs, and to improve mechanical peeling of peaches. Also as a carrier for aromas. Found in Canned peaches , preserved eggs and vanilla powder. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E551
Name: E551
Ingredient Name: Silicon dioxide (Silica)
Category: Emulsifier, anti-caking agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Produced from sand. Used as anti-caking agent, to remove protein and yeast in beer and wine production and as anti-foaming agent. Found in many dry products. Acceptable daily intake is not yet determined.

Halal
E552
Name: E552
Ingredient Name: Calcium silicate
Category: Anti-caking agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Produced from chalk and special sand. Used as anti-caking agent. Found in many dry products. Acceptable daily intake is not yet determined.

Halal
E553a
Name: E553a
Ingredient Name: (i) Magnesium silicate (ii) Magnesium trisilicate
Category: Anti-caking agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Produced from magnesium sulphate and sodium silicate or directly from minerals such as talcum, sepiolite and steatite. Used as anti caking and filling agent. Also used as coating. Found in many dry products. Main use is in cosmetics. Acceptable daily intake is not yet determined.

Halal
E553b
Name: E553b
Ingredient Name: Talc
Category: Anti-caking agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Produced directly from minerals such as talcum, sepiolite and steatite. Used as anti caking and filling agent. Also used as coating. Found in many dry products. Main use is in cosmetics. Acceptable daily intake is not yet determined.

Halal
E554
Name: E554
Ingredient Name: Sodium aluminium silicate
Category: Anti-caking agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Produced from several natural minerals. Used as anti-caking agent. Found in many dry products. Acceptable daily intake is not yet determined.

Halal
E555
Name: E555
Ingredient Name: Potassium aluminium silicate
Category: Anti-caking agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Produced from several natural minerals. Used as anti-caking agent. Found in dry products, but hardly used. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E556
Name: E556
Ingredient Name: Calcium aluminium silicate
Category: Anti-caking agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Produced from several natural minerals. Used as anti-caking agent. Found in dry products, but hardly used. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E558
Name: E558
Ingredient Name: Bentonite
Category: Anti-caking agent
Status: Halal
Description:
A natural type of clay from volcanic origin. Used as anti-caking agent and emulsifier. Also used as clarifying agent in fruit juice preparations. Found in fruit juices, aromas. Main use, however, is in cosmetics. Acceptable daily intake is not determined .

Halal
E559
Name: E559
Ingredient Name: Aluminium silicate (Kaolin)
Category: Anti-caking agent
Status: Halal
Description:
A fine usually white clay formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals (such as feldspar). Used as anti-caking agent and carrier for aromas. Found in Instant coffee, milk powder, aromas. Main use, however, is in cosmetics and pharmaceutical preparations (antacid). Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E570
Name: E570
Ingredient Name: Stearic acid (Fatty acid)
Category: Anti-caking agent
Status: Depends
Description:
A normal part of any fat. Commercially prepared from cottonseed oil, but animal origin can not be excluded. Used as anti-caking agent and plasticizer in chewing gum. Also used in flavours. Found in Chewing gum, butter aroma/flavour, bakery products. Also used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical preparations. Acceptable daily intake is not determined. Although stearic acid and stearates are commercially obtained from plant sources, the use of animal fat (including pork and beef) can not be excluded. Only the producer can provide information on the origin.

Depends
E571
Name: E571
Ingredient Name: Amonium stearate
Status: Depends
Description:
Ammonium salt of stearic acid. Used as anti-caking and anti-foaming agent in sugar production. Found in Sugar, but mainly used in cosmetics. Acceptable daily intake is not determined. Although stearic acid and stearates are commercially obtained from plant sources, the use of animal fat (including pork and beef) can not be excluded. Only the producer can provide information on the origin.

Depends
E572
Name: E572
Ingredient Name: Magnesium stearate, calcium stearate
Category: Emulsifier, anti-caking agent
Status: Depends
Description:
Magnesium salt of stearic acid . Used as anti-caking agent and emulsifier. Used in Confectionary. Main use is in cosmetics (baby powder) Acceptable daily intake is not determined. Although stearic acid and stearates are commercially obtained from plant sources, the use of animal fat (including pork and beef) can not be excluded. Only the producer can provide information on the origin.

Depends
E574
Name: E574
Ingredient Name: Gluconic acid
Category: Acidity regulator
Status: Halal
Description:
Synthetic, or produced by fungi from sugar. Sequestrant (binds metals). Found in fruit juices, jelly-powder. Acceptable daily intake suggested by health authorities is upto 50 mg/kg bodyweight.

Halal
E575
Name: E575
Ingredient Name: Glucono-delta-lactone
Category: Acidity regulator, sequestrant
Status: Halal
Description:
Synthetic, or produced by bacteria from sugar. Sequestrant (binds metals) in many products. Also used in processing equipment to avoid precipitation of calcium and magnesium. Found in many different productsAcceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E576
Name: E576
Ingredient Name: Sodium gluconate
Category: Sequestrant
Status: Halal
Description:
Sodium salt of gluconic acid. Sequestrant (binds metals) in many products. Also used as nutrient for yeast. Found in many different products. Acceptable daily intake is upto 50 mg/kg bodyweight.

Halal
E577
Name: E577
Ingredient Name: Potassium gluconate
Category: Sequestrant
Status: Halal
Description:
Potassium salt of gluconic acid. Sequestrant (binds metals) in many products. Also used as nutrient for yeast. Found in pudding powders and custard. Acceptable daily intake suggested by health authorities is upto 50 mg/kg bodyweight .

Halal
E578
Name: E578
Ingredient Name: Calcium gluconate
Category: Firming agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Calcium salt of gluconic acid. It is an anti-caking agent and strengthens the structure of canned vegetables. Found in pudding powders, custard, canned vegetables and bakery products. Acceptable daily intake suggested by health authorities is upto 50 mg/kg bodyweight.

Halal
E579
Name: E579
Ingredient Name: Ferrous gluconate
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
Iron salt of gluconic acid . Used as a colour and iron supplement. Found in olives, food supplements. Acceptable daily intake suggested by health authorities is upto 0. 8 mg/kg bodyweight .

Halal
E585
Name: E585
Ingredient Name: Ferrous lactate
Category: Colouring
Status: Halal
Description:
Iron salt of lactic acid. Used as an Iron supplement found in Infant formula as an added nutrient supplement. Acceptable daily intake suggested by health authorities is upto 0. 8 mg/kg bodyweight.

Halal
E620
Name: E620
Ingredient Name: Glutamic acid
Category: Flavour enhancer
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural amino acid (building block of protein). Commercially prepared from molasses by bacterial fermentation. Also prepared from vegetable protein, such as gluten, or soy protein. Glutamic acid and glutamates are present in all proteins. Free glutamates are present in high concentrations in ripened cheese, breast milk, tomatoes and sardines. A Flavour enhancer Glutamic acid and glutamates have the specific umami taste and enhance many other flavours, thereby reducing the amounts of salt needed in a product. Acceptable daily intake is not determined. Glutamates may not be used in products intended for children under 12 weeks.

Halal
E621
Name: E621
Ingredient Name: Monosodium glutamate
Category: Flavour enhancer
Status: Halal
Description:
A non-essential amino acid, first isolated in 1865. It is the predominant amino acid in most proteins, occurring as a product of the hydrolysis of the glutamine contained in proteins, playing a vital part in brain function. The various forms of glutamic acid are known as glutamates with probably the best known being monosodium glutamate .

Halal
E622
Name: E622
Ingredient Name: Monopotassium glutamate
Category: Flavour enhancer
Status: Halal
Description:
Potassium salt from glutamic acid. Commercially prepared from molasses by bacterial fermentation. Also prepared from vegetable protein, such as gluten, or soy protein. Glutamic acid and glutamates are present in all proteins. Free glutamates are present in high concentrations in ripened cheese, breast milk, tomatoes and sardines. As a flavour enhancer glutamic acid and glutamates have the specific umami taste and enhance many other flavours, thereby reducing the amounts of salt needed in a product. Potassium glutamate is mainly used in low salt (low sodium) products. Acceptable daily intake is not determined. Glutamates may not be used in products intended for children under 12 weeks. Although many side effects have been reported for glutamates, these have not been scientifically proven.

Halal
E623
Name: E623
Ingredient Name: Calcium diglutamate
Category: Flavour enhancer
Status: Halal
Description:
Calcium salt from glutamic acid , a natural amino acid (building block of protein). Commercially prepared from molasses by bacterial fermentation. Also prepared from vegetable protein, such as gluten, or soy protein. Glutamic acid and glutamates are present in all proteins. Free glutamates are present in high concentrations in ripened cheese, breast milk, tomatoes and sardines. Flavour enhancer having a specific umami taste. It enhances many other flavours, thereby reducing the amounts of salt needed in a product. Calcium glutamate is mainly used in low salt (low sodium) products.

Halal
E624
Name: E624
Ingredient Name: Monoammonium glutamate
Category: Flavour enhancer
Status: Halal
Description:
Ammonium salt from glutamic acid , a natural amino acid (building block of protein). Commercially prepared from molasses by bacterial fermentation. Also prepared from vegetable protein, such as gluten, or soy protein. Glutamic acid and glutamates are present in all proteins. Free glutamates are present in high concentrations in ripened cheese, breast milk, tomatoes and sardines. A Flavour enhancer having a specific umami taste. It enhances many other flavours, thereby reducing the amounts of salt needed in a product. Ammonium glutamate is mainly used in low salt (low sodium) products.

Halal
E625
Name: E625
Ingredient Name: Magnesium diglutamate
Category: Flavour enhancer
Status: Halal
Description:
Magnesium salt from glutamic acid , a natural amino acid (building block of protein). Commercially prepared from molasses by bacterial fermentation. Also prepared from vegetable protein, such as gluten, or soy protein. Glutamic acid and glutamates are present in all proteins. Free glutamates are present in high concentrations in ripened cheese, breast milk, tomatoes and sardines. A Flavour enhancer having a specific umami taste. It enhance many other flavours, thereby reducing the amounts of salt needed in a product. Hardly used, only in low sodium meat products.

Halal
E626
Name: E626
Ingredient Name: Guanylic acid
Category: Flavour enhancer
Status: Halal
Description:
Guanylic acid is a natural acid, which is part of RNA, one of the genetic carrier molecules in the cell. It is thus part of all cells in all living organisms. Commercially prepared from yeast extract sardines. Flavour enhancer. Flavour enhancer having specific umami taste but strongly enhance many other flavours, thereby reducing the amounts of salt needed in a product. Acceptable daily intake is not determined. Guanylates may not be used in products intended for children under 12 weeks. Asthmatic people should avoid guanylic acid and guanylates. As guanylates are metabolised to purines, they should be avoided by people suffering from gout. However, the concentrations used are generally so low that no effects are to be expected. Guanlyic acid and guanylates are generally produced from yeasts, but partly also from fish.

Halal
E627
Name: E627
Ingredient Name: Disodium guanylate, sodium guanylate
Category: Flavour enhancer
Status: Halal
Description:
Sodium salt of guanylic acid , a natural acid, which is part of RNA, one of the genetic carrier molecules in the cell. It is thus part of all cells in all living organisms. Commercially prepared from yeast extract or sardines. A flavour enhancer having specific umami taste but strongly enhance many other flavours, thereby reducing the amounts of salt needed in a product. Acceptable daily intake is not determined. Guanylates may not be used in products intended for children under 12 weeks. Asthmatic people should avoid guanylic acid and guanylates. As guanylates are metabolised to purines, they should be avoided by people suffering from gout. However, the concentrations used are generally so low that no effects are to be expected. Guanlyic acid and guanylates are generally produced from yeasts, but partly also from fish.

Halal
E628
Name: E628
Ingredient Name: Dipotassium guanylate
Category: Flavour enhancer
Status: Halal
Description:
Potassium salt of guanylic acid , a natural acid, which is part of RNA, one of the genetic carrier molecules in the cell. It is thus part of all cells in all living organisms. Commercially prepared from yeast extract or sardines. A flavour enhancer having specific umami taste but strongly enhance many other flavours, thereby reducing the amounts of salt needed in a product. Used in many products, mainly in low-salt/sodium products. Guanylates may not be used in products intended for children under 12 weeks. Asthmatic people should avoid guanylic acid and guanylates. As guanylates are metabolised to purines, they should be avoided by people suffering from gout. However, the concentrations used are generally so low that no effects are to be expected. Guanlyic acid and guanylates are generally produced from yeasts, but partly also from fish.

Halal
E629
Name: E629
Ingredient Name: Calcium guanylate
Category: Flavour enhancer
Status: Halal
Description:
Calcium salt of guanylic acid , a natural acid, which is part of RNA, one of the genetic carrier molecules in the cell. It is thus part of all cells in all living organisms. Commercially prepared from yeast extract or sardines. Flavour enhancer having specific umami taste but strongly enhance many other flavours, thereby reducing the amounts of salt needed in a product. Used in many products, mainly in low-salt/sodium products. Acceptable daily intake is not determined. Guanylates may not be used in products intended for children under 12 weeks. Asthmatic people should avoid guanylic acid and guanylates. As guanylates are metabolised to purines, they should be avoided by people suffering from gout. However, the concentrations used are generally so low that no effects are to be expected. Guanlyic acid and guanylates are generally produced from yeasts, but partly also from fish.

Halal
E900
Name: E900
Ingredient Name: Dimethyl polysiloxane
Category: Anti-foaming agent anti-caking agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Synthetic polymer. Used as Anti-foaming agent and as a protective layer on fats and oils against oxygen. Found in products like Industrial oils, soups, juices Acceptable daily intake is upto 1. 5 mg/kg bodyweight .

Halal
E901
Name: E901
Ingredient Name: Beeswax, white and yellow
Category: Glazing agent [animal origin]
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural polymer produced by bees. The white wax is bleached by sunlight or hydrogen peroxide. Used as a coating, in chewing gum and part of honey flavour. Found in many different foods and pharmaceutical products. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E902
Name: E902
Ingredient Name: Candelilla wax
Category: Glazing agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural polymer produced from the Mexican trees Euphorbia antisyphilitica , E. cerifera and Pedilanthus pavonis . Used as a coating and used in chewing gum. Also found in confectionary. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E903
Name: E903
Ingredient Name: Carnauba wax
Category: Glazing agent [possible allergic reaction]
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural polymer produced from the Canauba palm (Copernica cerifera ) and related species from Brazil. Used as a coating and in chewing gum products. Also found in confectionary, coffee and bakery products. Acceptable daily intake is not determined. Canauba wax is widely used in cosmetics and can cause dermal eczema. People who have developed such eczema may be sensitive to the use of canauba wax in foods.

Halal
E904
Name: E904
Ingredient Name: Shellac
Category: Glazing agent [animal origin]
Status: Haram
Description:
Natural polymer derived from certain species of lice from India . It is used as a coating found in products like Confectionary, fruits. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Haram
E905
Name: E905
Ingredient Name: Microcrystalline wax
Category: Glazing agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Synthetic mixture of hydrocarbons used as coating, lubricant, solvent, Anti-foaming agent and in chewing gum. Found in many different products, also in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations. Acceptable daily intake is not determined. It has laxative effects in high concentrations.

Halal
E907
Name: E907
Ingredient Name: Crystalline wax
Category: Glazing agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Synthetic mixture of hydrocarbons. Used as a Coating, lubricant, solvent, Anti-foaming agent and in chewing gum. Also in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations. Acceptable daily intake is not determined. Has laxative effects in high concentrations. Banned in Australia.

Halal
E910
Name: E910
Ingredient Name: L-cysteine
Category: [animal origin]
Status: Depends
Description:
A naturally occuring sulphur containing amino acid, derived from cystine, that the body needs to produce Glutathione, one of the body's major antioxidants. Natural sources of cysteine include eggs, meat, dairy products and some cereals although it is commercially produced from hair, both animal and human, (which is around 12% cysteine) and feathers. In compound form (E920 and E921) it is used in flour and bakery products (except wholemeal) where it is used as an improving agent and in chicken stock cubes where it is used as a flavour.

Depends
E912
Name: E912
Ingredient Name: Montanic acid esters
Status: Halal
Description:
Wax obtained by solvent extraction of lignite (brown coal). It consists of non-glyceride carboxylic acid esters, free acids and resins. Used as coating for citrus fruits. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E913
Name: E913
Ingredient Name: Lanolin, sheep wool grease
Category: Glazing agent
Status: Halal
Description:
A wax from sheep. It is excreted by the skin of the sheep and extracted from the wool. Used as a coating and in chewing gum. Its main use however is in cosmetics. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E915
Name: E915
Ingredient Name: Esters of Colophane
Category: Glazing agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Resin obtained from the pine tree Pinus silvestris and related species. Function & Characteristics: Stabiliser, used as a flavour and in chewing gum. It is also used to give Citrus flavour. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E920
Name: E920
Ingredient Name: L-cysteine hydrochloride
Category: Improving agent [animal origin]
Status: Haram
Description:
An essential amino acid, present in all protein (essential indicates that it is needed by the human body). Derived from proteins, including animal protein and hair. It is a bread enhancer and stabilises the structure of leavened bread. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Haram
E921
Name: E921
Ingredient Name: L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate
Category: Improving agent [animal origin]
Status: Haram
Description:
An essential amino acid, present in all protein (essential indicates that it is needed by the human body). Derived from proteins, including animal protein and hair. It is a bread enhancer and stabilises the structure of leavened bread. Acceptable daily intake is not determined. E921 can be obtained from animal sources, including pork making it haram for muslims.

Haram
E925
Name: E925
Ingredient Name: Chlorine
Category: Preservative, bleach
Status: Halal
Description:
Destroys nutrients, listed carcinogen, in some areas tap water is contaminated with it (most of Australia!), to make it 'safer' to drink. Typical products are flour products for bleaching, as a disinfectant, decolouriser and irritant poison. Toxic by inhalation, ingestion and through skin contact. Inhalation can cause serious lung damage and may be fatal. 1000ppm (0. 1%) is likely to be fatal after a few deep breaths, and half that concentration fatal after a few minutes. May irritate or burn skin.

Halal
E926
Name: E926
Ingredient Name: Chlorine dioxide
Category: Preservative, bleach
Status: Halal
Description:
Obtained from chlorine and sodium chlorite. It is a bread enhancer and stabilises the structure of leavened bread. Used as a bleaching agent for flour but not often used. Acceptable daily intake is upto 30 mg/kg bodyweight

Halal
E927a
Name: E927a
Category: Emulsifier
Status: Halal
Description:
Obtained from carbonamide. Bread enhancer and bleaching agent for flour but practically not used. Acceptable daily intake is upto 45 mg/kg bodyweight.

Halal
E927b
Name: E927b
Ingredient Name: Carbamide
Category: Improving agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Obtained from ammonia and carbon dioxide. Used as nutrient in fermented products. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E928
Name: E928
Ingredient Name: Benzole peroxide
Category: Improving agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Obtained from benzoylchloride and sodium peroxide. bread enhancer and bleaching agent for flour but practically not used. Acceptable daily intake is upto 40 mg/kg bodyweight.

Halal
E930
Name: E930
Ingredient Name: calcium peroxide
Status: Halal
Description:
Synthetic. Bread enhancer and bleaching agent for flour but practically not used. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E938
Name: E938
Ingredient Name: Argon
Category: Packaging gas
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural inert gas and propellant. Found in Canned products. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E939
Name: E939
Ingredient Name: Helium
Category: Packaging gas
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural inert gas and propellant. Found in Canned products. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E941
Name: E941
Ingredient Name: Nitrogen
Category: Packaging gas
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural inert gas and propellant. Found in Spray-cans. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E942
Name: E942
Ingredient Name: Nitrous oxide
Category: Propellant
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural inert gas and propellant. Found in Spray-cans. Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E948
Name: E948
Ingredient Name: Oxygen
Category: Packaging gas
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural gas. Used in modified atmosphere packaging as preservative. Found in Gas packed vegetables Acceptable daily intake is not determined.

Halal
E950
Name: E950
Ingredient Name: Acesulfame K
Category: Sweetener
Status: Halal
Description:
None available

Halal
E951
Name: E951
Ingredient Name: Aspartame
Category: Sweetener
Status: Halal
Description:
Intense sweeteners, such as aspartame, acesulfame K and saccharin, provide virtually no calories and are mainly used in diet products.

Halal
E952
Name: E952
Ingredient Name: Cyclamic acid and its Na and Ca salts
Category: Sweetener
Status: Halal
Description:
None available

Halal
E953
Name: E953
Ingredient Name: Isomalt
Category: Sweetener
Status: Halal
Description:
Discovered in the 1960s, isomalt is made from sucrose and looks much like table sugar. It is white, crystalline and odourless. Isomalt is a mixture of two disaccharide alcohols�luco mannitol and gluco sorbitol. Products made with isomalt have the same texture and appearance as those made with sugar. Because the same amount of isomalt is used in products as would be used if they were sweetened with sugar, isomalt containing products have the same appearance and texture as those made with sugar. Found in boiled sweets, toffee, lollipops, fudge, wafers, cough drops, throat lozenges, and a wide variety of other products.

Halal
E954
Name: E954
Ingredient Name: Saccharin and its Na, K and Ca salts
Category: Sweetener
Status: Halal
Description:
Calcium & sodium saccharin; artificial sweetener derived from toluene (a known carcinogen). Not listed in Australia by number until 1992. Banned in 1977 in the US, but reinstated subject to strict labelling stating: "Use of this product may be hazardous to your health, this product contains saccharin which has been determined to cause cancer in laboratory animals". It interferes with normal blood coagulation, blood sugar levels and digestive function. Banned in France, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, Spain. Banned as food additive in Malaysia and Zimbabwe. Banned as a beverage additive in Fiji, Israel, Peru, and Taiwan.

Halal
E957
Name: E957
Ingredient Name: Thaumatin
Category: Sweetener
Status: Halal
Description:
Artificial sweetener and flour enhancer. A protein derived from the tropical plant Thaumococcus danielli; used to sweeten wines, chewing gum, Japanese cooking, bread and fruit. Has a liquorice after taste.

Halal
E959
Name: E959
Ingredient Name: Neohesperidine DC
Category: Sweetener
Status: Halal
Description:
Artificial sweetener 340 times sweeter than sugar from grapefruit seed. Not listed for use in Australia, but may be imported with foods. Little research on effects but is used in a large range of foods.

Halal
E965
Name: E965
Ingredient Name: Maltitol (i) Maltitol (ii) Maltitol syrup
Category: Sweetener
Status: Halal
Description:
Humectant, artificial sweetener base, bulking agent, base for essences. Starch decomposed with digestive enzymes. Used in confectionery, dried fruits, low-joule foods, chocolate, jam, ice cream; laxative in high concentrations.

Halal
E966
Name: E966
Ingredient Name: Lactitol
Category: Sweetener [animal origin]
Status: Halal
Description:
A synthetic carbohydrate alcohol, produced from milk sugar (lactose) derived from whey (milk). Low-calorie sweetener. Found in many bakery and confectionery products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not defined. Lactitol is partly absorbed and metabolised as glucose by the body; the remaining fraction is fermented in the large intestine. During fermentation, gases are produced, which may cause bloating and flatulence. In intolerant persons it can act as a laxative. Side effects normally occur after an intake of 25-30 grams in a single dose, which is far above the usage in normal foods. The term carbohydrate alcohol is a chemical definition; lactitol does not contain alcohol (ethanol).

Halal
E967
Name: E967
Ingredient Name: Xylitol
Category: Sweetener
Status: Halal
Description:
A natural carbohydrate alcohol, present in many plants. It is commercially produced from xylan, a polysaccharide fraction of wood pulp. A Low-calorie sweetener found in many bakery and confectionery products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not defined. Xylitol is partly absorbed and metabolised as sugar by the body; the remaining fraction is fermented in the large intestine. During fermentation, gases are produced, which may cause bloating and flatulence. In intolerant persons it can act as a laxative. Side effects normally occur after an intake of 25-30 grams in a single dose, which is far above the usage in normal foods. The term carbohydrate alcohol is a chemical definition; xylitol does not contain alcohol (ethanol).

Halal
E999
Name: E999
Ingredient Name: Quillaia extract
Category: Foaming agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Quillaia extract is a purified extract of the outer cambium layer of Quillaia Saponaria Molina, or Quillay Bark. The Quillaia tree is native to Peru and Chile, and cultivated in Northern Hindustan. Quillaia bark infusion has good foam capabilities due to the presence of saponin, a non-poisonous, white powder. Saponin is a glucoside which will yield quillaic acid and quillaia-sapotoxin upon decomposure. The latter products are both poisonous irritants, however it is the sapotoxin which foams upon shaking. Quillaic acid is also known as 3, 16-dihydroxy-23-oxo-12-oleanen-28-oic acid. Used in the production of foam on non-alcoholic beverages. Use is banned in a number of countries. Used medically as a stimulating expectorant.

Halal
E1103
Name: E1103
Ingredient Name: Invertase
Category: Stabiliser
Status: Halal
Description:
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose. Also called saccharase, sucrase. Traditionally, invertase was produced on site by autolysing yeast cells. The autolysate was added to the syrup (70% sucrose (w/w) ) to be inverted together with small amounts of xylene to prevent microbial growth. Inversion was complete in 48 -72 hours at 50�C and pH 4. 5. The enzyme and xylene were removed during the subsequent refining and evaporation. Partially inverted syrups were (and still are) produced by blending totally inverted syrups with sucrose syrups. Now, commercially produced invertase concentrates are employed. Invertase is also used in the production of confectionery with liquid or soft centres. GeneticallyModifiedEnzymes In many cases the enzymes named below are brand names. They may appear under other names as well. Enzymes are usually found in minuscule quantities in the final food product. The toxin found in genetically engineered tryptophan was less than 0. 1 percent of the total weight of the product, yet it was enough to kill people. The use of enzymes is pervasive in the food industry. Nothing is known about the long term effects of genetically engineered enzymes. We include this information so you can make an informed choice about whether you want to eat them or not. Sugar: Enzymes used: Termamyl, Dextranase, Invertase, Alpha Amylase

Halal
E1105
Name: E1105
Ingredient Name: Lysozyme
Category: Preservative
Status: Halal
Description:
An enzyme, that is a normal constituent of tears, saliva, blood and (human) milk. Commercially prepared from chicken eggs or by bacteria. Preservative; it degrades the cell wall of bacteria. Used in Infant nutrition and pharmaceutical preparations. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined. Lysozyme is a protein and all proteins may cause allergic reactions.

Halal
1200
Name: E1200
Ingredient Name: Polydextrose
Category: Stabiliser, thickening agent, humectant, carrier
Status: Halal
Description:
Polymer of glucose, with some sorbitol. Produced by heating dextrose (glucose) in the presence of sorbitol and citric acid. A Thickening and filling agent, binds water and protects against freeze damage. Found in many different products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined. No health effects are known by normal use. At high doses (over 90 grams) it acts as a laxative.

Halal
E1201
Name: E1201
Ingredient Name: Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Category: Stabiliser
Status: Halal
Description:
Synthetic polymer. Thickening and filling agent, stabiliser and used in pharmaceutical tablets. Also found in flavours fragrances and pharmaceuticals. Acceptable Daily Intake is upto 50 mg/kg bodyweight.

Halal
E1202
Name: E1202
Ingredient Name: Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
Category: Carrier, stabiliser
Status: Halal
Description:
Synthetic polymer . Stabiliser and used in pharmaceutical tablets. Found in products like Wine, beer, pharmaceuticals. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E1400
Name: E1400
Ingredient Name: Dextrin
Category: Stabiliser thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Polymer of dextrose, prepared by partial degradation of starch. Thickening agent and used in food coatings. Used in many food products, pharmaceuticals. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E1401
Name: E1401
Ingredient Name: Modified starch
Category: Stabiliser thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared by treating starch or starch granules with inorganic acids. The starch is partially degraded. Thickening agent and stabiliser found in many food products, pharmaceuticals. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E1402
Name: E1402
Ingredient Name: Alkaline modified starch
Category: Stabiliser thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared by treating starch or starch granules with sodium-or potassium hydroxide. The starch is partially degraded. Used as a Thickening agent and stabiliser in many food products, pharmaceuticals. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E1403
Name: E1403
Ingredient Name: Bleached starch
Category: Stabiliser thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared by treating starch with bleaching agents. The starch is partially degraded and oxidised. Used as a Thickening agent and stabiliser in many food products, pharmaceuticals. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E1404
Name: E1404
Ingredient Name: Oxidized starch
Category: Emulsifier, thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared by treating starch with hypochlorite. The starch is partially degraded and oxidised. Thickening agent and stabiliser used in many food products, pharmaceuticals. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E1410
Name: E1410
Ingredient Name: Monostarch phosphate
Category: Stabiliser, thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared by treating starch with phosphoric acid. The starch is partially degraded and phosphorylated. Thickening agent and stabiliser in many food products, pharmaceuticals. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E1412
Name: E1412
Ingredient Name: Distarch phosphate
Category: Stabiliser thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared by treating starch with a phosphorylating agent. This results in better application possibilities. Thickening agent in many food products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E1413
Name: E1413
Ingredient Name: Phosphated distarch phosphate
Category: Stabiliser, thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared by treating starch with a phosphorylating agent and phosphoric acid. The resulting starch has increased stability at high and low temperatures and is more resistant against acid. A Thickening agent used in many food products Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E1414
Name: E1414
Ingredient Name: Acetylated distarch phosphate
Category: Emulsifier, thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared by treating starch with a phosphorylating agent and acetic acid. The resulting starch has increased stability and dissolves better at low temperatures. Thickening agent found in many food products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined. It may cause diarrhoea.

Halal
E1420
Name: E1420
Ingredient Name: Acetylated starch, mono starch acetate
Category: Stabiliser, thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared by treating starch with acetic acid anhydride. The resulting starch is more stable at high temperatures and low pH. Thickening agent used in many food products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined. It may cause diarrhoea.

Halal
E1421
Name: E1421
Ingredient Name: Acetylated starch, mono starch acetate
Category: Stabiliser, thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared by treating starch with vinylacetate. The resulting starch is more stable at high temperatures and low pH comparable with E1420 thickening agent used in many food products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined. It may cause diarrhoea.

Halal
E1422
Name: E1422
Ingredient Name: Acetylated distarch adipate
Category: Stabiliser, thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared by treating starch with acetic acid anhydride and adipinic acid anhydride. This results in a starch that is resistant against stirring and high temperatures. Thickening agent found in many food products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E1440
Name: E1440
Ingredient Name: Hydroxy propyl starch
Category: Emulsifier, thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared by treating starch with propyleneoxide. The resulting starch is more stable against acid, alkaline and starch degrading enzymes. It also provides better colour and shine to products. Thickening agent used in many food products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined. It may slow down the degradation of food in the intestine.

Halal
E1441
Name: E1441
Ingredient Name: Hydroxy propyl distarch glycerine
Category: Stabiliser thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared by treating starch with propyleneoxide, epichlorhydrine and glycerol. The resulting starch is more stable against acid, alkaline and starch degrading enzymes. It also provides better colour and shine to products and is more stable after cooling. Thickening agent in many food products Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined It may cause diarrhoea.

Halal
E1442
Name: E1442
Ingredient Name: Hydroxy propyl distarch phosphate
Category: Stabiliser thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared by treating starch with propyleneoxide and phosphoric acid. The resulting starch is more stable against acid, alkaline and starch degrading enzymes. It also provides better colour and shine to products and has very good freeze-thaw properties. Thickening agent used in many food products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined. It may slow down the degradation of food in the intestine.

Halal
E1450
Name: E1450
Ingredient Name: Starch sodium octenyl succinate
Category: Emulsifier, stabiliser thickening agent
Status: Halal
Description:
Prepared by treating starch with octenylsuccinate. Thickening agent which is hardly used. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E1501
Name: E1501
Ingredient Name: Benzylated hydrocarbons
Category: Flavours
Status: Halal
Description:
1501 (i) : Benzyl alcohol 1501 (ii) : Benzyl acetate 1501 (iii) : Benzyl benzoate. Natural compounds, which constitute part of the flavour and fragrance of many plant species. They are commercially produced by chemical synthesis used as flavourings and fragrances. These compounds are also used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Acceptable Daily intake is upto 5 mg/kg body weight. Skin problems may occur when used in cosmetics.

Halal
E1502
Name: E1502
Ingredient Name: Butane-1, 3-diol
Category: Flavour enhancer
Status: Halal
Description:
It is commercially produced by chemical synthesis. Used as a solvent for flavours and in Tobacco products. Acceptable Daily intake is upto 4 mg/kg body weight.

Halal
E1503
Name: E1503
Ingredient Name: Castor Oil
Category: Flavour , solvent
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural oil extracted from the seeds of Ricinus communis (castor bean). Castor oil is a flavour component as well as a solvent for flavours. Used in products like flavoured sugar , lip products, etc. Acceptable Daily intake upto 0. 7 mg/kg body weight.

Halal
E1504
Name: E1504
Ingredient Name: Ethyl Acetate
Category: Flavour solvent
Status: Halal
Description:
Natural component of many fruits; it is commercially produced from acetic acid. Ethyl acetate is a flavour component as well as a solvent for flavours. Many products with fruit flavour. Acceptable Daily Intake is upto 6 mg/kg body weight. No health effects when used in foods

Halal
E1505
Name: E1505
Ingredient Name: Triethyl citrate
Category: Foam stabiliser
Status: Halal
Description:
E1505 is commercially produced from citric acid. Its flavour component is used in many products. Acceptable Daily Intake upto 20 mg/kg body weight.

Halal
E1517
Name: E1517
Ingredient Name: Glyceryl diacetate
Category: Flavour solvent
Status: Halal
Description:
Glycerol diacetate is commercially produced from acetic acid and glycerol. Solvent for flavours. Found in many products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E1518
Name: E1518
Ingredient Name: Glyceryl triacetate (triacetin)
Category: Flavour solvent
Status: Halal
Description:
Glycerol triacetate is commercially prepared from acetic acid and glycerol. It is used as a solvent for flavours; it also has some anti-fungal activity. Used in many products. Acceptable Daily Intake is not determined.

Halal
E1520
Name: E1520
Ingredient Name: Propylene glycol Humectant Propylene glycol
Status: Halal
Description:
Propylene glycol is commercially produced from propylene and carbonate. It is used as a solvent for anti-oxidants. Used in many products. Acceptable Daily Intake is upto 25 mg/kg body weight. No adverse health effects known when used in foods.

Halal